CSCD 2209 Study Guide - Comprehensive Final Exam Guide - Allophone, Vowel, Phoneme
20 Nov 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Writing: historically, writing developed much later than spoken language, many languages still exist throughout the world with no writing system. [+spread: airstream mechanisms, initiators of airflow: pulmonic (normal case), glottalic, velaric (clicks, airstream direction: egressive (out through the mouth- default case), Fricatives: near-total stoppage, creating bottleneck for air molecules: affricates: stops released gradually, like fricatives xi. Approximants: active articulator almost makes contact with passive, but not quite xiii. Vowels & approximants: acoustic formants (amplifications of select harmonic resonances) xiv. Stops/plosives: none during closure; identified mostly by release (plosion), secondarily by transition from preceding vocoid if any xv. Nasal: place formants + added nasal formant xvi. Fricatives & affricates: white noise (random acoustic energy) resulting from frication of molecular collisions at bottleneck xvii. Initial sonorant cs: nasals, liquids & glides /m, l, r, w, y, n/ in all words. But zoo since /z/ is an obstruent despite being voiced. xviii.
