BSCI 105 Study Guide - Final Guide: Polysome, Peptide, Ribosome

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indigowater-buffalo678

1 Jul 2016

School

University of Maryland

Department

Biological Sciences Program

Course

BSCI 105

Professor

Patricia Shields

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Document Summary

At the end of the lectures on gene expression, you should be familiar with the material covered in lecture that is found in the following chapter(s) in your textbooks: You should also be familiar with the material covered in the monday warm-up (april: and wednesday activities on april 20th. It is not enough to have the answers to the thought questions you need to be able to figure out how to get those answers!! After you have studied, you should be able to answer the following: Compare and contrast dna polymerase and rna polymerase. Compare and contrast transcription and translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Be able to explain the following terms and know on which molecule they are found: gene, promoter, codon & anticodon. A site basal transcription factors cloverleaf coding dictionary coding strand. E site genetic code large subunit non-template strand. P site polyribosome promoter proofreading regulatory transcription factors.

Related Questions

QUESTION 1

How is a bone marrow transplant able to treat someone with leukemia?

		The donor blood contains antibodies that destroy cancer cells
		Donor blood contains stem cells that regenerate cells in the immune system
		Bone marrow contains induced pluripotent stem cells that turn into red blood cells
		Bone marrow contains tumor supressor genes that slow down leukemia growth
		Bone marrow contains pluripotent human embryonic stem cells

1.2 points

QUESTION 2

What would happen if siRNAs designed to target mRNA from an oncogene were introduced into cancer cells?

		Increased genomic instability would result from adding foreign nucleic acids
		New mutations would arise in the oncogene
		The oncogene would be converted back into a proto-oncogene
		The siRNAs would compete with the oncogene's active site
		Production of the oncogene protein would decrease

1.2 points

QUESTION 3

What is the purpose of chromatin-remodeling enzymes in human cells?

		The enzymes control the rate of translation of an mRNA transcript
		The enzymes add phosphate or methyl groups to histone tails
		The enzymes slide nucleosomes farther apart or closer to each other
		The enzymes send damaged proteins to the proteasome for degradation
		The enzymes cause DNA looping to occur

1.2 points

QUESTION 4

If you wanted to resurrect the mammoth, how would you do it?

		Use somatic cell nuclear transfer to insert the mammoth genome into the egg of an elephant
		Use transcription factors to re-program adult cells from elephants into mammoth cells
		Change the gene expression patterns of elephants to increase production of mammoth genes
		Use siRNAs to decrease expression of elephant-specific genes in an elephant embryo

1.2 points

QUESTION 5

How is eukaryotic transcription initiated?

		RNA polymerase is recruited to the start codon by transcription factors
		RNA polymerase begins transcription at the enhancer sequence
		RNA polymerase is activated by binding to GTP
		An initiator tRNA binds to the ribosome
		A complex of proteins forms at the promoter of a gene

QUESTION 3

What is the purpose of chromatin-remodeling enzymes in human cells?

The enzymes control the rate of translation of an mRNA transcript

The enzymes add phosphate or methyl groups to histone tails

The enzymes slide nucleosomes farther apart or closer to each other

The enzymes send damaged proteins to the proteasome for degradation

The enzymes cause DNA looping to occur

QUESTION 10

If you can drink milk as an adult, it means that you have inherited a mutation in the an enhancer for your lactase gene (the gene that encodes the enzyme you need to break down lactose). Predict the effect of this mutation:

The mutation changes the number of domains in the enzyme, which makes it work more efficiently

The mutation changes the amino acid sequence of the lactase protein

The mutation increases the number of copies of the lactase gene that will be found in your genome

The mutation changes whether the lactase sequence is found in an intron or exon

The mutation affects the expression of the lactase gene

QUESTION 12

What determines where in the genome a transcription regulator will bind?

Transcription regulators bind to the 5' UTR region of a gene

Regulators bind via complementary base-pairing to certain DNA molecules

Covalent bonds form between the transcription regulator and the atoms of the DNA backbone

Every eukaryotic gene has a different transcription regulator that will bind to the 5' end of the gene

Transcription regulators bind to specific DNA sequences via multiple weak non-covalent interactions

QUESTION 15

What is the histone code used for?

		Phosphorylation and acetylation of DNA affect its ability to be compacted
		Changes to the sequence of DNA change whether DNA will wrap around histone proteins
		Covalent modifications of histones affect the ability of the transcription initiation complex to form
		Histones provide the codon sequences needed for translation to occur
		The histone code affects which amino acids will get added to a polypeptide

22. What is probably the single most important distinction between bacteria and eukaryotes?

a. transcription

b. the separation of the cell's genetic material from the surrounding cytoplasm

c. the existence of ribosomes

d. RNA processing in bacteria

e. antibiotics

23. Which one does NOT characterize an open reading frame (ORF)

a. Uses six reading frames during translation

b. Contains a start codon

c. Contains a stop codon

d. Its length is in multiples of 3 nucleotides

e. It should have the number of codons for a protein or on average ~250 codons in length.

24. Nested intronic genes lie within the non-coding intronic region of a larger gene, and occur in the human genome.

a. True

b. False

25. How would you characterize this statement: EF-Tu will hydrolyze GTP only if the codon:anticodon & tRNA:amino acid matchings are correct

a. Transcription; initiation steps

b. Transcription; termination steps

c. Translation: initiation steps

d. Tanslation: elongation steps

e. Spliceosome

26. Regarding the transcription unit architecture of the Escherichia coli genome, which one is FALSE?

a. Each of the 4,661 transcription units comprised an average of 1.1 modular units.

b. 3,010 transcription units (~65%) are monocistronic.

c. 1,652 transcription units (35%) contain more than one ORF (polycistronic)

d. The largest transcription unit is equivalent to 16 ORFs with numerous introns.

e. 398 transcription units (~9%) are nested within each other in opposite transcriptional orientation

27. Regarding RNA interference (RNAi), which one is FALSE?

a. It is a common and conserved mechanism in eukaryotic cells.

b. Originally discovered in bacteria and plant viruses.

c. A form of primitive immunity to protect the genome.

d. Pre microRNA (miRNA) genes have been found in introns.

e. Recent research shows that exogenous plant miRNAs in food can regulate the expression of target genes in mammals.

28. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

a. Recognize the 3âUTR

b. The genes for these enzymes fall into the family of inducible genes

c. The enzymes are imported into the nucleus

d. Covalently attaches an amino acid to the appropriate tRNA. This takes place in the cytoplasm.

e. Forms the peptide bond during protein synthesis

29. What is the process by which complementary RNAs are made from a DNA template?

a. translation

b. transcription

c. protein synthesis

d. transduction

e. transliteration

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BSCI 105 Study Guide - Final Guide: Polysome, Peptide, Ribosome

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