CHEM 131 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Combustion Analysis, Chemical Formula, Nonmetal

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Empirical formula: shows the simplest whole- number ratio of atoms in the compound: indicates relative number of atoms of each element. Molecular formula: a chemical formula that shows the actual number of atoms in each element. Structural: shows how atoms in a molecule are connected or bonded to each other. Fc = number of valence electrons (# of nonbonding electrons + # of bonding electrons) Octet rule and exceptions: he has to valence electrons, h shares or gains one electron, be- loses electrons to become +2, b, al- loses electrons to become +3, p, s, and below = expanded octets. Predict if a molecule is polar; will it have a dipole moment. 1: single bond= 1 sigma bond, double bond= 1 sigma and 1 pi bond, triple bond-= 1 sigma and 2 pi bonds. Bond energy and length: as orbital size increases, bond length increases, as atomic size increases, bond length increases.

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