BIL 160 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Arthropod, Hydrostatic Skeleton, Hemichordate
25 Apr 2017
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Important in natural ecosystems and agriculture: most vascular plants have mycorrhizae and rely on fungal partners for nutrients. 1: ectomycorrhizal fungi sheaths of hyphae over root surface; grow into extracellular spaces of root, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi extend branching hyphae through root cell walls into tubes formed by invagination to root cell plasma membrane. Involved in frog/amphibian extinction due to skin infections. Chapter 32 an overview of animal diversity. Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes with tissues that develop from. Embryonic layers: characteristics: animal cell, ansiogamy, specialized tissues, sexual reproduction, blastula stage of development, muscular movement, advanced nervous systems, gastrulation, most ancient branch point: true tissues or no tissues, nutritional mode. After is gastrulation; layers of embryonic tissues develop into adult body parts. In most animals, hox genes regulate formation of front-to-back axis: first, regulated position of tentacles in cnidarians, then anterior-posterior orientation in protostome embryos, then position paired appendages in protostome embryos, and lastly, anterior-posterior orientation in vertebrate embryos.
