BIL 255- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 112 pages long!)
Document Summary
Remains of cyanobacteria in w. australia - 2. 7 bya. Oxygen took longer to accumulate in the atmosphere bc of the fe in ocean was oxidized first. Composed of a set of specialized membranes and compartments. Contains chlorophyll pigments (light capturing systems) and atp- generating systems. Molecular excitation of chlorophyll by light in thylakoid membrane. Hydrocarbon tail- facilitates binding of chlorophyll to hydrophobic regions of chlorophyll-binding protein. Photon has a defined amount of energy. Cells obey the laws of chemistry and physics. Energy is stored in a molecule"s chemical bonds. Energy transformations in cells make up metabolic pathways. 1st law: energy can neither be created nor destroyed in a closed system. Muscle - hydrolysis of atp into muscle contractions. 2nd law: entropy of the universe must increase for any spontaneous reaction. Determines the energy content within a chemical reaction. Measure the amount of disorder caused by the reaction (free energy) Measures how far away a reaction is from equilibrium.
