BTE 210 Midterm: BTE EXAM THREE REVIEW
7 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, DATABASE, NETWORK
• Computer based information system (CBIS): an IS that uses computer technology to
perform some or all of its intended task
▪ Most ot all I“ ae oputeized, so the te I“ is used syoyously
ith CBI“
▪ Four basic components of CBIS: aka information technology components
1. Hardware: PHYSICAL devices that accept, process, and display data and
information
• consists of devices such as the processor, keyboard, printer, etc.
2. Software: a program or collection of programs that enable the
hardware to process data
3. Database: a collection of related files or tables containing data
4. Network: a connecting system (wireline or wireless) that permits
different computers to share resources
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE STACKS
o Order of how everything goes
o Storage servers virtual machine operating system database middleware
applications (bottom first)
o Need stuff on the bottom first, builds on each other
o Hardware on bottom software on top
DATABASE ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAMS
o Memorize diagram
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o Mandatory one, mandatory many, optional one, optional many
o Gives you diagram and asks what it means (do they have a choice)
o Cardinality: max number of times you can associate one entity with another
o Modality: minimum number
• Entity istaes hae idetifies attiutes that ae uiue to that etity’s istae
o Ex: STUDENT instances can be identified with student ID
• The number of entities in a relationship is the degree of the relationship
• Relationships between two items are binary relationships (3 types of this)
o One-to-one
▪ A single-entity instance of one type is related to a single-entity instance
of another type
▪ Student can only have 1 parking permit
o One-to-many
▪ Professor can have one or more courses, but each course can only have
one professor
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o Many-to-many
▪ Student can have many courses and courses can have many students
DATABASE NORMALIZATION
o Process of organizing columns and tables to reduce redundancy and improve
integrity
o Columns = attributes
o Rows = records
o Tables = relations
o Reduce redundancy
o Improve data
o Can be complex and slow
DIFFERENT AREA NETWORKS
• Computer Network: a system that connects computers and other devices via
communications media so data and info can be transmitted among them
o Bandwidth (the transmission capacity of a network) is increasing
▪ Stated in bits per second
o Types of CNs, smallest to largest
▪ Personal area networks (PANs)
• Can be wired or wireless
▪ Local area networks (LANs)
▪ Metropolitan area networks (MANs)
▪ Wide area networks (WANs)
• Can span entire planet
▪ The Internet
• Broadband: the transmission capacity of a communications medium faster than 4
Mbps downstream and 1 Mbps upstream
o Fluid definition and will probably be changed
Local Area Networks
• All networks regardless of size must compromise among three objectives
o Speed
o Distance
o Cost
• Organizations must typically select 2/3
• LANs have fast, cheap communication with distance limitations
• Local area network (LAN): connects two or more devices in a limited
geographical region, usually within the same building
• Most use Ethernet
• Usually connected through a twisted pair wire
• Many have a file or network server (contains various software and data for
the etok ad houses LAN’s etok opeatig syste hih aages
the server and routes, and communication)
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Document Summary
Hardware and software stacks: order of how everything goes, storage servers virtual machine operating system database middleware applications (bottom first, need stuff on the bottom first, builds on each other, hardware on bottom software on top. Database normalization: process of organizing columns and tables to reduce redundancy and improve integrity, columns = attributes, rows = records, tables = relations, reduce redundancy. Improve data: can be complex and slow. Mbps downstream and 1 mbps upstream: fluid definition and will probably be changed. Wide area networks: wide area network (wan): covers a large geographic area and connect multiple. Enterprise networks: connects lans and wans, backbone network wan: high speed central networks to which multiple smaller networks connect, lans are called embedded lans because they connect to the backbone wan. It platform: it personnel use these components to develop is, oversee security and risk, and manage data (it services)
