MBIO 2815 Study Guide - Final Guide: Citric Acid Cycle, Facultative Anaerobic Organism, Fermented Milk Products

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roseraven162

7 May 2017

School

University of Oklahoma

Department

Microbiology

Course

MBIO 2815

Professor

Karen Meysick

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Document Summary

Glycolysis is the oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid, is usually the first stage of carbohydrate catabolism (breakdown of carbohydrate molecules to produce energy) The enzymes of glycolysis catalyze the splitting of glucose (a six carbon sugar) into two three-carbon sugars. These sugars are then oxidized, releasing energy, and their atoms are rearranged to form two molecules of pyruvic acid. During glycolysis, nad+ is reduced to nadh, and there is a net production of two atp molecules by substrate-level phosphorylation. The end product of glycolysis is pyruvic acid, which can be used by the cell to either undergo aerobic (respiration) or anaerobic (fermentation) process. There is also a net gain of two molecules of atp for each molecule of glucose that is oxidized and 2 nadh. Understand that there are alternative pathways to glycolysis that microorganisms may use to oxidize glucose. (ex. proteins / fat catabolism: compare and contrast aerobic vs anaerobic cycle.

Related Questions

The pentose phosphate pathway, an alternative to glycolysis, is used to catabolize five carbon sugars. One ATP molecule and 12 NADPH molecules are produced from one glucose molecule. Glycolysis is the most common pathway for the oxidation of glucose. Two pryuvic acid molecules are the end product. There is a net gain of two ATP molecules and two NADH molecules per molecule of glucose oxidized through glycolysis.

Pyruvic acid loses one carboxyl group, and CO2 is a byproduct, during the transition step. Two carbon acetyl groups are oxidized in the Krebs cycle. Electrons are picked up by NAD+ and FAD for the electron transport system.

5. How does aerobic and anaerobic respiration differ?

6. Hemophilus influenzae requires hemin (X factor) to synthesize cytochromes and NAD+(V factor) from other cells. For what part of cellular respiration are the X and V factors essential?

7. Suppose an individual has mitochondria that leak cytochromes, what effect might this dysfunction have on the ability of the cell to function? Why?

brownkoala747

The breakdown of glucose during aerobic respiration yields ______.

a net amount of 38 molecules of ATP.

a net amount of 58 molecules of NADH

a net amount of 28 molecules of ADP

a net amount of 2 molecules of ATP

Which of the following metabolic processes does not occur in animal cells?

Fermentation

Glycolysis

Calvin cycle

Citric Acid Cycle

Yeast ferment sugar into carbon dioxide and _____.

glycogen

water

ethanol

pyruvat

Glycolysis splits glucose into two molecules of ______.

		acetate
		lactate
		pyruvate
		citrate

Which of the following is common to both aerobic and anaerobicmicrobes?

	Fermentation
	An electron transport chain
	Pyruvate oxidation
	Glycolysis
	All of the above

The primary purpose of catabolism is

	generation of ADP.
	generation of ATP.
	oxidation of NADH to NAD⁺.
	degradation of organic molecules.
	biosynthesis.

What is a fate of pyruvate during alcoholic fermentation byyeast?

	It is reduced to lactic acid.
	It is oxidized to form glucose and carbon dioxide
	It is cleaved to form acetylaldehyde and carbon dioxide.
	It is catabolized in glycolysis.
	It is oxidized to form lactic acid and carbon dioxide.

Electrons needed to reduce an oxidized electron acceptor areprovided by

	a) externally provided compounds such asH<sub>2</sub>, lactate or formate.
	b) an intermediate electron carrier such as NADH.
	c) 0<sub>2</sub>.
	d) Both a and b
	e) All of the above

How are aerobic respiration and anaerobic respirationsimilar?

	Both use oxygen as a terminal electron carrier.
	These are other names for glycolysis.
	Both utilize inorganic molecules as terminal electronacceptors.
	Neither receives electrons from glycolysis.
	Anaerobic respiration does not exist in microbes.

The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) topyruvate

	a) releases CO<sub>2</sub>.
	b) involves the conversion of ADP and ATP.
	c) involves substrate-level phosphorylation.
	d) Both a and b
	e) Both b and c

Which of the following is the best definition offermentation?

	The reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid
	The complete catabolism of glucose to CO₂ andH₂O
	The oxidation of a carbohydrate with organic molecules servingas electron donors and acceptors
	The production of ATP from glucose
	The production of ethanol from glucose

A reaction that yields energy has a

	positive ?G_o?.
	negative ?G_o?.
	positive ?E_o?.
	negative ?E_o?.
	negative ?H_o?.

Oxidation and reduction reactions are always coupledbecause

	a) electrons generally accompany protons.
	b) protons generally accompany protons.
	c) electrons cannot exist free in solution.
	d) Both a and b
	e) All of the above

10.

Which of the following is true of aerobic respiration?

	It involves the reduction of oxygen.
	It involves the oxidation of oxygen.
	It involves the reduction of lactic acid.
	It involves the oxidation of lactic acid.
	It does not generate ATP.

plumgnu195

MBIO 2815 Study Guide - Final Guide: Citric Acid Cycle, Facultative Anaerobic Organism, Fermented Milk Products

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