BIO 110 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Reverse Transcriptase, Organelle, Metaphase
Document Summary
Figuring out the 3d structure of a protein. X-ray crystallography is used to purify a protein and crystallize it. X-ray is shot through sample to see its structure. Material that reversibly binds to protein at ligand binding site. Binding site is complementary to ligand (must be opposite to ligand) In size, shape, charge, and hydrophobic/hydrophilic structures, etc. Binding is very specific and changes the shape and function of proteins. Kd shows how much ligand protein sites be half full and is used to compare protein ligand interactions. Never will be fully bound because weak noncovalent forces hold ligand to protein binding site. How close curve is to one depends on affinity of ligand. First protein whose 3d structure was determined. Frozen water expands as it turns to ice, so it can burst open a cell and is very dangerous. Tiny ice crystals grow as temperature decreases, and they bind together.
