CH 236 Study Guide - Spring 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Walden Inversion, Van Der Waals Strain, Triple Bond
CH 236
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Tetravalent
a.
Forms long chains naturally
b.
Carbon
I.
Maximum electrons are 2n2
a.
Electron Configuration
II.
Non polar <.5
i.
Polar covalent .5-1.9
ii.
Ionic 1.9<
iii.
Dipole moments
a.
HC-.3
i.
HN- 1.3
ii.
HO- 1.5
iii.
HS-.7
iv.
CF- 1.4
v.
CCl- 1.5
vi.
CBr- 1.4
vii.
CI- 1.2
viii.
CO-.7
ix.
C=O- 2.3
x.
CN-.2
xi.
C≡N- 3.5
xii.
Common bond dipole moments
b.
Molecular dipole moment is the vector sum of all the bonds in the molecule
c.
Bond polarity
III.
Use dots for all the valence electrons including those in bonds
i.
Lewis
a.
Uses lines to represent pairs of electrons in bonds
i.
Still uses dots for the lone pairs
ii.
Bond-line
b.
Use groups to show backbone and sidechains
i.
Condensed
c.
Bond line but no carbons or hydrogens are specifically included
i.
Ends of lines show where carbons are
ii.
Throw hydrogens on to complete octets
iii.
Skeletal
d.
Structural drawing types
IV.
When molecular orbitals overlap constructively it is a bonding orbital
a.
When molecular orbitals overlap destructively it is an antibonding orbital
b.
Electrons are always in lower energy which is the constructive
c.
Molecular Orbit Theory
V.
Stuff from General Chem
Friday, January 19, 2018
6:14 PM
General Stuff Page 1
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alkane
a.
Alkene
b.
Alkyne
c.
Arene
d.
CC bonds
I.
Alcohol
a.
Ketone
b.
Aldehyde
c.
Ether
d.
Ester
e.
Carboxylic acid
f.
Oxygen things
II.
Functional Groups
Friday, January 19, 2018
6:26 PM
General Stuff Page 2
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Document Summary
Common bond dipole moments i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x. xi. xii. Molecular dipole moment is the vector sum of all the bonds in the molecule. Use dots for all the valence electrons including those in bonds b. Uses lines to represent pairs of electrons in bonds. Still uses dots for the lone pairs c. Use groups to show backbone and sidechains d. Bond line but no carbons or hydrogens are specifically included. When molecular orbitals overlap constructively it is a bonding orbital. When molecular orbitals overlap destructively it is an antibonding orbital. Electrons are always in lower energy which is the constructive. Moving of electrons in a molecule a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Shifts between double bonds and lone pairs (delocalized electrons) Not all are equal most stable are seen the most. Use curved arrows to show movement of electrons a. b. c. Lone pair to an adjacent bond a. b. c.
