BIO SCI 93 Midterm: Midterm 2 Study Guide (lectures 8-17)
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BIO SCI 93 Full Course Notes
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Growth factors stimulate nearby cells to grow/divide simultaneously as they receive and respond to it. Triggers secretion of neurotransmitter molecules chemical signal diffuses across synapse and triggers response in target cell. Specialized cells release hormone molecules which travel through circulatory system to target cells. Signaling molecules binds to receptor protein at cell"s surface. Conversion of signal into specific cellular response. Binding of signaling molecules changes the shape of receptor protein converts signal to a form that can have cellular response. Reactants: epinephrine, gpcr, g protein, adenylyl cyclase, protein kinase a, phosphorylase kinase. Gpcr activates g protein by phosphorylating gdp gtp. G protein diffuses through plasma membrane and binds to adenylyl cyclase. Protein kinase a phosphorylates phosphorylase kinase activating it. Phosphorylase kinase adds phosphates to glycogen hydrolyzing it to glucose molecules. Response: after glycogen is hydrolyzed to many glucose monomers release sugar into the bloodstream giving us energy in a fight or flight situation. Releasing energy by breaking down molecules (exergonic)