BIO SCI 94 Midterm: Midterm 1 Study Guide

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BIO SCI 94 Full Course Notes

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Individuals of the same species that are living in the same area at the same time. A trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment. Divergence process in which natural selection has cause populations of. Evolution one species to form a new species. Natural selection acts on individuals, but evolutionary change occurs in populations. Evolution occurs when heritable variation leads to differential success in reproduction. Heritable variation in a population- traits passed onto offspring. In certain conditions, some traits lead to survival and increased reproductive success (fitness) * as a result species are related through common ancestry. Shows differences in species related by common ancestry. How to test competing hypotheses: giraffe neck length. Sexual selection hypothesis vs food competition hypothesis. Males giraffes with longer necks win battles. Giraffes use their long necks to find food. Control variable= keep constant throughout experiments (ex. temp) Conclusion: ants keep track of # of strides and stride length.

Related Questions

What is NOT a requirement for evolution by natural selection to occur?

a) Traits must be inherited

b) Traits must influence reproductive success

c) Inherited traits must have variation within the population

d) Characteristics that are favored (fitness) relate to the immediate environment

e) Variations will appear that will allow the survival of the species in future, unforeseen, circumstances.

Charles Darwin...

a) ... arrived at the idea of natural selection in the GalÃ¡pagos Islands.

b) ... was the first scientist to suggest evolution.

c) ... claimed that only aggressive and strong individuals would survive and reproduce.

d) ... with Alfred Wallace, published a mechanism for adaptive change, natural selection, and proposed a "tree of life".

e) ... argued that chimpanzees and gorillas were progressively evolving into human beings.

Evolution and Speciation

Define evolution. Why is it inaccurate for creationists to tout evolution as âjust a theoryâ? (Think about what theory actually means in scientific terms vs. the use of the word âtheoryâ in casual conversations).

Explain what the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium shows and describe the conditions necessary for the equilibrium to be maintained.

Explain what factors cause populations to diverge from the Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium and how each factor causes the change.

Describe how species evolve via natural selection. (Be sure to discuss the key aspects of natural selection: variation, heredity differential survival and reproductive success in your answer).

What does speciation mean and how can it occur?

What does adaptation mean? Why is natural selection the only agent of evolutionary change that leads to adaptation? (Think about how natural selection works).

Is natural selection all powerful? Can it create any variation that you or I could think of? Why or why not?

Differentiate between natural and sexual selection.

What is reproductive isolation?

Describe prezygotic and postzygotic mechanisms of reproductive isolation and explain how they can contribute to speciation.

Distinguish between allopatric and sympatric speciation and explain how each leads to new species.

What is adaptive radiation?

Be able to read and interpret phylogenetic trees: be able to determine which species are most closely related to each other, what nodes represent, where common ancestors would be located, etc.

What are paraphyletic, polyphyletic and monophyletic groups within a phylogeny?

viridianmanatee515

Community Ecology

6. Competition between species is called ____________ competition. A. interspecific
B. exploitative
C. interference

D. fundamental E. intraspecific

7. A species that plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community and helps to determine the types and numbers of various other species in the community is known as
A. a predator.

B. a keystone species. C. the primary species. D. the dominant species. E. the alpha species.

Evolution

1. We build trees because:
A. Organisms are related like members of a family are related.
B. Each lineage has a common ancestor that gave rise to that lineage. C. Characteristics are passed on from parents to offspring.
D. all of the above

2. Evolution basically denotes change in populations to: A. Improve reproductive success.
B. Remove defective individuals.
C. Increase the survival of the most fit individuals.

D. Discover better genes.

3. We can put species into groups based on shared: A. genes.
B. characteristics.
C. ecology.

D. environment.

4. Bats and birds share a common characteristic like having four limbs- homologies- with: A. Amphibians
B. Rodents.
C. Reptiles.

D. all of the above.

5. Which of these are mechanisms of evolution? A. Mutation
B. Migration
C. Gene flow

D. all of the above

6. Natural selection involves the following: A. Variation in traits
B. Differential reproduction
C. Hereditary

D. all of the above

BIO SCI 94 Midterm: Midterm 1 Study Guide

BIO SCI 94 Full Course Notes

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