Abraham Lincoln
was elected the sixteenth president of the United States. Approximately
one month after his inauguration, the Civil War broke out between the
northern states and the southern states. Although he was seen as shrewd
military strategist, he was not favored by all because he was a northerner
whom they thought was against slavery. This could be seen in the order he
issued in 1863 called the Emancipation Proclamation. This order freed all
slaves in the rebellious states. One person that did not favor President
Lincoln was John Wilkes Booth.
Ulysses S. Grant
A general and political leader of the nineteenth century. He became
commanding general of the Union army during the Civil War. He accepted
the unconditional surrender of the commanding general of the main
Confederate army, Robert E. Lee, at Appomattox Court House. A
Republican, he later became president.
Presidential Reconstruction
Andrew Johnson attempted to carry out Lincoln's plan for the political
Reconstruction of the 11 former states of the Confederacy
Radical Reconstruction
period beginning in 1867, when the Republicans, who had control in both
houses of Congress, took charge of Reconstruction. The Radical
Republicans passed four Reconstruction Acts in 1868: (1) ratify the
Fourteenth Amendment; (2) write new state constitutions that guarantee
freedmen the right to vote; (3) form new governments to be elected by all
male citizens including African Americans.
13th Amendment
1865
Abolition of slavery (involuntary servitude).Congress has the power to
enforce this via legislation.
14th Amendment
1868Citizenship given to ex-slaves.Three-fifths clause abolished.Leading ex-
Confederates denied office.Ex-Confederates forced to repudiate their debts
and pay pensions to their own (CSA) veterans, plus taxes for the pensions of
Union veterans. Congress has the power to enforce this via legislation.
15th Amendment
1870
Suffrage given to black males.Congress has the power to enforce this via
legislation.
citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or previous
condition of servitude
Rutherford B. Hayes
19th president of the united states, was famous for being part of the Hayes-
Tilden election in which electoral votes were contested in 4 states, most
corrupt election in US history
Congress of Industrial Organizations
led by John Lewis, orginially began as a group of unskilled workers who
organized themselves into effective unions. As there popularity grew they
came known for the revolutionary idea of the "sit down strike", there efforts lead to the passage of the Fair Labor Standard Act and the organization
continued to thrive under the New Deal.( page 790
-791)
black codes
laws made in 1865
-66 enacted by Southern state legislatures to give whites
power over blacks; these laws were overrideen by Congress when the powers
of the Freedman's Bureau were widened and when the First Civil Rights Act
was passed in 1866 in defense of African American rights.
Wade-Davis bill,
veto, Wade Davis Manifesto: Congress, in July 1864, passed the Wade-Davis
Bill, calling for a stricter form of Reconstruction than that proposed by Lincoln.
After Lincoln pocket vetoed this bill,
radicals sought to displace him. They issued Wade-Davis Manifest, which
declared the primacy of Congress in matters of the Reconstruction.
Andrew Carnegie
Scottish-born industrialist who developed the U.S. steel industry; his is a rags-to-
riches story as he made a fortune in business and sold his holdings in 190
1 for
$447 million. He spent the rest of his life giving away $35
0
million to worthy
cultural and educational causes.
scalawags
name given by former confederates to those southerners who supported
the shift in power to congress and the army in the south during
reconstruction - southern republicans
carpetbaggers
A derogatory term applied to Northerners who migrated south during the
Reconstruction to take advantage of opportunities to advance their own
fortunes by buying up land from desperate Southerners and by
manipulating new black voters to obtain lucrative government contracts.
tenure of office act
The 1867 Act prohibited the president from removing any official who had been
appointed with the consent of the Senate without obtaining Senate approval.
President Johnson challenged the act in 1868 when he dismissed Secretary of
War Edwin M. Sta
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