[GE CLST 70B] - Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (25 pages long!)
6 Feb 2017
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Microevolution: changes in gene frequencies in a population. Macroevolution: descent with modification: the accumulation of microevolutions over long periods of time. Evolution is both random (mutations) and nonrandom (selection) Evolution is genetic @ the basic level, changes gene pool. Adaptations: characters selected for in particular environments. If the premises are met, evolution will happen. Ecology: interactions of organisms with each other and the environment links organisms thru flow of energy. Evolution gives depth of time to ecology links organisms via genetics + shared ancestry. Cetacean skeletal structure shows terrestrial ancestry: skeleton of fins look like human hand, dog paw, bat wing, etc. Mesonychia: possible ancestral group to whales, wolf-like with hooves. Cetaceans" closest living relatives based on genetics = hippos. Discovery of distinctive artiodactyl anklebone in cetacean ancestor fossil. Transitional forms (intermediate organisms): cross between seal and crocodile: ambulocetus, pakicetus. Hooved wolves -> crocodile seals -> cetaceans. Unique cetacean characters: blow hole, reduced pelvis and hind limbs, echolocation, anklebone.
