JAPAN 50 Study Guide - Spring 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Kyoto, Japan, Yamagata Aritomo
JAPAN 50
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Japanese 50 Lecture Notes
What is the purpose of the Kojiki? (Records of Ancient Matters)
• To legitimize the power of the emperor
• Text that was constructed when the imperial family has gained power and want to maintain
their power
• Creating a story will give the rulers a legitimate right to rule
Main Events (Late Heian)
• Hogen Conflict (1156)
• Heiji Conflict (1159)
• Genpei Wars (1180-1185)
Emergent Warrior Clans (Late Heian)
• Minamoto (Genji)
o Comes in to power at the end of the Genpei war, defeats Taira
o Takes the position as shogun (top general in the military)
o Aligns himself with the emperor so that he has power to govern
• Taira (Heike)
Kamakura Period Facts
• Kamakura is the city in Eastern Japan
• Location of the military government
• Dates: 1185-1333
Main Events of Kamakura Period
• Yoritomo’s death (1199)
• Hojo Clan rules Kamakura (1199-1333)
• Jokyu Disturbance (1221); Emperor Go-Toba Rebellion
o Emperor Go-Toba stages a rebellion against Hojo but fails
• Joei Code (1232): First codification of warrior law
Kamakura Period Power
• System of dual government
o Kyoto and Kamakura
• Loss of power of cloistered emperors
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o From 1221
• Kamakura control of provinces
o Stewards (Jito, tax collector and governing authority) and military governors (Shugo,
sent out to govern the provinces)
• Mongol Invasions (1274, 1281)
• Hojo controls Shogun, Shogun controls emperor
Outside of the Elite
• Farming peasants
• Foragers, hunters, fisherman
• Guilds (craftsmen, musicians, etc)
• Outcaste groups
Nichiren (1222-1282)
• Influenced by mappo thought
• Practice: exclusive recitation of the title of the Lotus Sutra
o Compare with Pure Land movements
• Focus on Japan
Muromachi Facts
• Muromachi = Area of Kyoto for the new Bakufu Ashikaga Shogunate (1336-1573)
• Gradual decentralization
o Land rights of absentee landlords greatly reduced
o Emergence of Daimyo
• Onin War (1467-1477) : Fall of Ashikaga Shogunate
The 14th Century
• Weakened Kamakura Shogunate
• Kenmu Restoration (1333-1336)
o Emperor Go-Daigo
• Northern and Southern Courts (1336-1392)
Noteworthy Ashikaga Shoguns
• 1st: Ashikaga Takauji (1305-1358 R. 1338-1358)
o Moves Bakufu to Kyoto
• 3rd: Ashikaga Yoshimitsu
o Unifies courts in 1392
Ashikaga power
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Document Summary
Main events (late heian: hogen conflict (1156, heiji conflict (1159, genpei wars (1180-1185) Kamakura period facts (cid:862)kamakura(cid:863) is the city in eastern japan. Location of the military government: dates: 1185-1333. Main events of kamakura period: yoritomo"s death (1199, hojo clan rules kamakura (1199-1333) Jokyu disturbance (1221); emperor go-toba rebellion: emperor go-toba stages a rebellion against hojo but fails. Joei code (1232): first codification of warrior law. Kamakura period power: system of dual government, kyoto and kamakura. Outside of the elite: farming peasants, foragers, hunters, fisherman, guilds (craftsmen, musicians, etc, outcaste groups. Influenced by mappo thought: practice: exclusive recitation of the title of the lotus sutra, compare with pure land movements, focus on japan. Muromachi facts: muromachi = area of kyoto for the new bakufu ashikaga shogunate (1336-1573, gradual decentralization, land rights of absentee landlords greatly reduced, emergence of daimyo, onin war (1467-1477) : fall of ashikaga shogunate.
