LIFESCI 7B Study Guide - Comprehensive Final Exam Guide - Evolution, Zygosity, Natural Selection
20 Nov 2018
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Most mutations are spontaneous and random, it"s benefit towards the organism based on chance. Mutations arise randomly and independent of other mutations in the cell. For individual nucleotides, mutation is a rare event. Rna mutates more than dna as it is more unstable and lacks a proofreading function. Hotspot a site in the genome that is especially mutable. Can exibit mutation rates up to 10x the average rate of 1/10^10 per nucleotide per replication. Rates in mutation can differ between sexes in some multicellular organisms. For humans, more mutations in males than females. Males" cells go through more divisions before meiosis than females. For males, # of mutations increases w/ age; for women the # stays relatively constant. Distinction in mutations that happen in germ (reproductive) cells vs. somatic cells. Mutation rate higher in somatic than germ cells for humans. Across the genome as a whole, mutation is common.
