LING 1010 Study Guide - Final Guide: Reduplication, African American Vernacular English
Final Exam Review
Language Diversity
• Scientific definition: a human language will have a phonology, morphology, syntax, and
will be acquired using language learning mechanisms
• Lots of language diversity in the world (non-pulmonic consonants, tones and tonal
systems, reduplication, and word order). Studying language diversity allows us to study
the abilities of the human mind
• Dialect - not a scientific term, it is a socio-political construct, way to define difference
between two languages or two populations.
o There is no way to define the difference between a language and dialect in cognitive
science, it just means two different languages
o Differences in accents across "dialects" is really a difference in phonology between
two languages. Difference in words across dialects may be difference in morphology
between two languages, or difference in lexical terms. Strange sentences across
"dialects" are really differences in syntax between two languages
o This means we can study language variation by looking at "dialects"
Language Prejudice
• A human language will have a morphology, phonology, syntax, and will be acquired using
language and hearing mechanisms
• Language prejudice - act of pre-judging someone based on the language they speak
(accent, vocabulary, or grammar)
o Often more socially and legally acceptable form of prejudice than other forms.
Targets of language prejudice are often the targets of other prejudice (race,
nationality, etc.). We can use science of linguistics to stop the use of languages as a
socially acceptable pathway to prejudice
o Often a cover for another form of prejudice
• Language discrimination - act of discrimination based on the language that somebody
speaks (accent, vocabulary, grammar)
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LING 1010 Full Course Notes
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