HIST 2B Final: History 2B Final Study Guide
Document Summary
Rulers expanded upon older cultural traditions (byzantium, persia, the caliphate) to legitimize themselves, and used monumental building to glorify imperial centers. Ongoing warfare and internal threats (frontier warfare; disloyal elites) were stimuli to autocratic centralization. 1100-1400: turkish settlement of anatolia after defeating byzantine empire: absorbing byzantine territory and subjects, population converts to islam. Asia minor- divided into warring principalities: small turkish tribes, fragmented when the ottomans emerge. Ghazi tradition: holy warriors on islam"s frontiers. Byzantines weakened by latin occupation (1204-1261: civil wars, crusades. 1354: ottomans enter europe: fighting against the byzantines and occupying abandoned cities, expand territory in europe, occupy european city. Successful use of cannon vs. city"s land walls. Constantine xi dies in battle: last byzantine emperor. Conquest of the balkans, danube region (14th-15th centuries: conquered greece, yugoslavia. Domination of eastern mediterranean: threat to the papacy. Conquest of mamluk empire (syria & egypt), 1516-1517: ongoing warfare with shiite people of iran, draft locals into armies.