BICD 100 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Covalent Bond, Peptide, Missense Mutation
17 Oct 2016
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Document Summary
Mutations: the ultimate source of genetic variation: myostatin gene: inhibits muscle growth. With 2 base pair deletions, can no longer inhibit muscle growth and muscle grows rapidly: point mutations (substitution): change in one nucleotide. 1/10,000 nucleotide errors can lead to altered protein production, but not always since some different nucleotide combinations code for the same amino acid silent point mutations: one nucleotide changes, but amino acid stays the same. Nonsense point mutations: causes amino acid to stop polypeptide formation. Missense point mutations conservative: causes a change in an amino acid in the same functional category: causes only minor differences in function. Deletion: one part of the chain is deleted from the chromosome. Acted on more harshly on natural selection compared to duplication since usually more detrimental to have missing gene than to have more than one copy of a gene. However, sometimes detrimental to have duplication based on if the gene is dosage dependent.
