BIBC 120 Study Guide - Winter 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Protein, Small Intestine, Liver
BIBC 120
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
BIBC 120 Week 1 Lecture 1 Notes (1/8/17):
Nutritional science definitions
Dietary Reference Intakes and food labels
Assessing nutritional claims
Definitions:
Nutrient: Needed for energy or for synthesis and/or function of biomolecules
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids
• Water
• Minerals
• Vitamins
Essential Nutrient: Cannot be synthesized in body, must be consumed in diet (i.e.
phenylalanine, omega 3 and 6)
Non-Essential: Can be synthesized in body (i.e. tyrosine)
Under certain circumstances, synthesis of a non-essential nutrient may not be adequate,
conditionally essential nutrient
- people sufferig fro PKU do’t hae eze phelalaie hdrolase so the
a’t oert phelalaie →tyrosine (so tyrosine is a essential nutrient now)
Macronutrients: Make up the bulk of the diet, needed in quantities of greater than 1 gram per
day; protein, carbohydrates, lipids (and water)
Micronutrients: Needed in quantities less than a few milligrams per day; minerals, vitamins
(cofactors)
Phytochemicals and zoonutrients: Their consumption may* confer some health benefits, but
they are not considered nutrients (i.e. resveratrol found in red wine; in humans no health
eefits foud, did’t derease aer risk)
1 calorie (cal) = heat energy required to raise the
temperature of 1 gram (mL) of H2O by 1°C.
• 1000 cal = 1 kilocalorie (kcal)
• In nutritional terms (Nutrition Facts on
food labels), 1 kcal = 1 Calorie
Defining Energy Intake
- Determining kcal/gram of food by
bomb calorimetry
- Completely oxidize food sample (to
CO2 and water), determine how much
heat is released
- do ot take i all the alories o the food lael, soe thigs e do’t digest
Over Nutrition
- Type 2 diabetes is the hallmark disease of over-nutrition in industrialized nations
(US)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
- Associated with low levels of physical activity and the abundance of cheap, high-
energy food
- 9.4% of the U.S. population has type 2 diabetes, or 30.3 million people
Under nutrition
- Estimated that 11% of the world population is under nourished
- May include insufficient calorie intake
- May include deficiency of specific nutrients
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Bibc 120 week 1 lecture 1 notes (1/8/17): Nutrient: needed for energy or for synthesis and/or function of biomolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins. Essential nutrient: cannot be synthesized in body, must be consumed in diet (i. e. phenylalanine, omega 3 and 6) Non-essential: can be synthesized in body (i. e. tyrosine) Under certain circumstances, synthesis of a non-essential nutrient may not be adequate, conditionally essential nutrient. People sufferi(cid:374)g fro(cid:373) pku do(cid:374)"t ha(cid:448)e e(cid:374)z(cid:455)(cid:373)e phe(cid:374)(cid:455)lala(cid:374)i(cid:374)e h(cid:455)dro(cid:454)(cid:455)lase so the(cid:455) (cid:272)a(cid:374)"t (cid:272)o(cid:374)(cid:448)ert phe(cid:374)(cid:455)lala(cid:374)i(cid:374)e tyrosine (so tyrosine is a essential nutrient now) Macronutrients: make up the bulk of the diet, needed in quantities of greater than 1 gram per day; protein, carbohydrates, lipids (and water) Micronutrients: needed in quantities less than a few milligrams per day; minerals, vitamins (cofactors) Phytochemicals and zoonutrients: their consumption may* confer some health benefits, but they are not considered nutrients (i. e. resveratrol found in red wine; in humans no health (cid:271)e(cid:374)efits fou(cid:374)d, did(cid:374)"t de(cid:272)rease (cid:272)a(cid:374)(cid:272)er risk)
