BISC104 Study Guide - Final Guide: Nuclear Membrane, Allosome, Y Chromosome

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blackgnu98

16 Dec 2018

School

University of Delaware

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BISC104

Professor

Dr.Patricia Walsh

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Document Summary

Meiosis is a form of cell division that produces specialized cells called gametes. Gametes contain half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. Gametes are produced only within the gonads (sex organs). Meiosis reduces the the number of chromosomes by half. The gametes produced during meiosis have 23 chromosomes each. Chromosomes in somatic cells only occur in pairs. A homologous pair of chromosomes are the same size and shape and carry the same genes. Different versions of the same gene are called alleles of a gene. Sex chromosomes are the x and y. Males have an x and a y. Once meiosis is complete, there is one copy of each chromosome (1-23) in each gamete. When only one member of each homologous pair is present in a cell, that cell is haploid. Egg cells and sperm cells are haploid. A zygote is a cell that was fertilized by egg and sperm.

Related Questions

What is the purpose of meiosis?

To enable an organism to produce gametes

To allow for growth

To allow an organism to replace damaged cells

Question 2

Select one answer.

10 points

Mitosis results in ________ and meiosis results in ________.

gametes, somatic cells

gametes, gametes

somatic cells, somatic cells

somatic cells, gametes

Question 3

Select one answer.

10 points

Which of the following tasks is accomplished through the processof meiosis?

Cell growth

Production of sperm or eggs

Replacement of dysfunctional cells

Question 4

Select one answer.

10 points

What advantage does sexual reproduction have over asexualreproduction?

All other selections are true.

Sexual reproduction provides more genetic variability

Sexual reproduction doubles the number of chromosomes in aspecies

Sexual reproduction is more efficient

Question 5

Select one answer.

10 points

Crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes during whatstage of cell division? (Read each option carefully.)

Prophase I of meiosis

Prophase of mitosis

Prophase II of meiosis

Interphase

Question 6

Select one answer.

10 points

Corn has 20 chromosomes. When corn undergoes meiosis how manychromosomes are found in the gametes?

Question 7

Select one answer.

10 points

Homologous chromosomes separate and are pulled to opposite sidesof the cell during what stage of cell division? (Read each optioncarefully.)

Metaphase I of meiosis

Anaphase II of meiosis

Anaphase I of meiosis

Anaphase of mitosis

Question 8

Select one answer.

10 points

Mitosis results in ______ cells and meiosis results in _______cells.

diploid, haploid

haploid, diploid

diploid, diploid

haploid, haploid

jadepug655

-Complete the following sentences: metaphase of mitosis, prophase II of meiosis, crossing over, anaphase I of meiosis, variable, random fertilization, identical, random orientation, metaphase I of meiosis, prophase I of meiosis, metaphase II of meiosis, reduction division

Two processes that occur during meiosis produce genetically ____________ cells.

In a process called ____________ , paired homologous chromosomes align randomly at the cell equator. This occurs during this stage of cell division: ____________ .

In a process called ____________ , genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes. This occurs during this stage of cell division: ____________ .

-Complete the following paragraph to describe nondisjunction and the resulting effects on chromosome number.

words: euploidy, primary nondisjunction, nomal, nondisjunction, secondary nondisjunction, homologous chromosomes, abnormal, trisomy, monosomy, sister chromatids, aneuploid

1.During meiosis I, ____________ separate and move towards opposite ends of the poles.

2.During meiosis II, ____________ separate and move towards opposite ends of the poles.

3.During meiosis I, if both members of a homologous pair go into the same daughter cell, ____________ is said to occur and no normal gametes are produced.

4.During meiosis II, if the sister chromatids fail to separate and both daughter chromosomes go into the same gamete, ____________ is said to occur. Half the gametes are aneuploid while the other half are euploid.

5.If an egg that contains 24 chromosomes instead of 23 chromosomes is fertilized by a normal sperm, ____________ is said to have occurred.

6.If an egg that contains 22 chromosomes instead of 23 chromosomes is fertilized by a normal sperm, ____________ is said to have occurred.

Which processes contribute directly to genetic variaion?

? What is meant by ploidy? Diploid? Haploid?

? Know the phases of meiosis?

? Know the differences between meiosis and mitosis.

? What is the major difference between metaphase of mitosis and metaphase I of meiosis?

? What is the major difference between meiosis II & mitosis?

? What is crossing over? ? What is synapsis?

? What are chiasmata?

? What are autosomes?

? What are sex chromosomes? What are the sex chromosomes in human male? Human female?

? What are homologous chromosomes?

? What is genetic recombination?

? What is fertilization? What are gametes?

? What are histones? What is chromatin?

? How many autosomes do humans have? Have many pairs of autosomes? How many pairs of sex chromosomes? What is the total number of chromosomes that human have? ? What are the sites of crossing over called?

? What is a karyotype?

? What is Down syndrome?

? What is polyploidy?

? What is nondisjunction?

? What is trisomy and monosomy

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BISC104 Study Guide - Final Guide: Nuclear Membrane, Allosome, Y Chromosome

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