HDFS220 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Hormone, Twin, Nervous System
12 Oct 2018
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HDFS220
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Week 1:
Process of Child Development→
o Experiences in childhood influence who we become as adults
▪ Ex: Walter Mischel and the Marshmallow test
▪ Studies showed kids who could wait were more patient at age 18
o Notion of the first 1000 days as building blocks of a foundation for later development
▪ Parental active development→improve child development
▪ Knowledge to policymakers→understand and make improvements
Domains of Development→
o Physical development: height, weight, gross motor skills
o Cognitive development: speech, math/reasoning skills, literacy
o Social-emotional development: peer interaction, express/understand emotions
*DEVELOPMENT GROWTH*
Issues in Development:
o Nature AND Nurture
▪ Nature= genetic inheritance/ Nurture= influence of environment
o Continuous vs. Stage-like development
▪ Quantitative (bigger/size related) (ex: starfish)
▪ Qualitative (changes in physical attributes at different stages) (ex: Mayfly)
o Stability vs. Change
▪ Are we the same people we were at earlier ages?
• Ex: aggressiveness tends to stay same
o Individual Differences
▪ Equifinality- different pathways of development can result in same
outcome
▪ Multifinality- same pathway leads to different outcomes
o Perspectives: Role of child in development
▪ Behaviorism-children are passive recipients of forces outside their control
▪ Jean Piaget- children actively explore environment
▪ Lev Vygotsky- collaborative process b/w child and more experienced
people around them
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
▪ Sandra Scarr- active niche picking
▪ Richard Lerner- children are products and producers of their own
development
o Contexts of development→
▪ SES (Socio-economic Status)- income/parental income/parental education
o Collectivism: the cultural value that emphasizes obligations to others within your group
o Individualism: cultural value that emphasizes the importance of the individual with
emphasis on the independent/reliance on one’s own abilities
*FIELD OF NEUROSCIENCE = NEW FIELD*
Child
Family
School
Community
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Domains of development : physical development: height, weight, gross motor skills, cognitive development: speech, math/reasoning skills, literacy, social-emotional development: peer interaction, express/understand emotions. Community: collectivism: the cultural value that emphasizes obligations to others within your group, individualism: cultural value that emphasizes the importance of the individual with emphasis on the independent/reliance on one"s own abilities. Sperm: fraternal twins or- dizygotic, 2- one egg fertilized by 1 sperm and splits during development. Identical twins or- monozygotic: never by heritability always by chance. Identical twins=same genetic makeup can have different personality characteristics due to environmental aspects (think. Nature and nurture: chromosomes/bases, dna=makeup of genes genes=makeup of chromosomes, genes hold info to make proteins, chemical bases, guanine (g) and cytosine (c, adenine (a) and thymine (t) Behavioral genetics : studying how much a behavior/trait is attributable to 1) genotype or 2) child"s environment, establish level of heritability, by studying , adopted children biological genes vs. environmental impact, comparing identical and fraternal twins.
