HIST104 Study Guide - Final Guide: Emperor Meiji, Archduke Franz Ferdinand Of Austria, Edo Period
17 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Possible IDs:
QING CHINA
Canton
Uder the Qig goeret i the s, Chia’s self ofidee i their dealigs ith
foreigners caused them to restrict foreign traders to a single port in Canton. The foreign traders
were allowed to set up warehouses in this district. This arrangement suited the Chinese much
better than foreign traders, and caused the foreigners to resent what they perceived to be a
lack of respect from the Chinese
Emperor Qianlong
An emperor during the Qing rule. He wrote a letter to King George outlining his views of
Chinese trade with England, saying that China had no need to import their goods in exchange
for their own, and that they had only allowed trading at Canton to supply them with things they
needed as a kindness. His letter had a warning tone, urging the British to stop making demands.
This would come back to bite him, as this letter shows that the Chinese were not aware of the
growing power of the british – Qianlong still saw them as being cut off from the world, but the
British empire was already established and connected across the sea.
British East India Company
This was an English company operating in the 1700s that exploited trade with southeast
Asia and india, as well has held a monopoly over British trade with China as well. Tea was a
necessary way of life at this time for the British, and most tea that the British drank was
Chinese tea. The problem was how to pay for it – there was very little demand for British
product in China, and the chinese had no particular interest in textiles. This being the case,
british had to pay for silver, but finding enough silver to pay for chinese tea was an issue. The
British’s solutio to this as opiu gro i idia, ad the set it to Chia as a a of gettig
chinese goods. This led to the opium crisis in china.
Opium crisis
Once opium started being sent to China, it became a huge problem. The Qing
government tried to ban the sale, distribution, and use of opium in the 1700s. This attempt
as’t efored er ell – part of the problem was that there were corrupt chinese suppliers.
Triads were a secret society that were against the Qing that was responsible for distributing
opium in china. They created a spike of opium imports, which began affecting the economy as
well as public health in the 1800s. Debate started as to whether or not to legalize opium to try
and solve the corruption. However, the Qing decided the best course of action was to suppress
and remove the opium trade. The Qing government moved to try and force foreign traders to
stop bringing in opium by blockading them in Canton. This led to the opium war between
britain and china in 1839.
Opium war
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
A war between britain and china that arose as the result of illegal importation of opium
into China by the British. Hoeer, the prole as’t ol opiu, the British fought this war
mainly over the issue of free trade. They wanted to change the current situation of trade in
China being restricted only to the port of Canton. The british won this war easily, highlighting
the growing technological gap between china and britain. Eventually the British and Chinese
negotiated the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842. The Chinese increased from 1 to 5 trading points,
British residents in China were granted extraterritoriality, there was a low import tariff of 5%,
and the Chinese had to pay an indemnity to the British.
Hong Xiuquan
Came from southern China, around the area of Canton. He wanted to have a career in
civil service, but after failing the exam 4 times he went on a rage against the Qing, who were
Mahus, allig the foreigers ad laig the for Chia’s proles. Through his readings
by Christian and Chinese missionaries, he came to the belief that he was supposed to drive the
Manchus out of China and that the result would be universal peace. His message quickly
attracted followers and began the Taiping Rebellion of 1850. His followers defeated the Qing
troops and seized control of Beijing. This made the Qing vulnerable to foreign predators, and
they often had to give into foreign demand. Their economic and cultural influence led to
resentment by the chinese people, which led to further rebellions.
Boxer Rebellion
Many Chinese were very resentful that the Qing were giving into foreign demand and
the effect it was having in China. This resentment led to violent protests in 1900 called the
Boxer rebellion. This rebellion was led by society of righteous and harmonious fists that
opposed the spread of Christianity and opposed the spread of railroads because they cut
through land without any regard to the graves of ancestors. In 1911 another revolution broke
out that finally brought the Qing down, which led to China becoming a republic after.
MEIJI JAPAN
Tokugawa
The Tokugawa period in Japan was peaceful and productive in the 17th and 18th century,
and strongly controlled the degree of foreign influence on Japan – they expelled all foreigners
from Japan except for a small amount of Dutch and Chinese, and japanese were forbidden to
travel abroad without permission. However, there was a black market for foreign goods, and
info about the west continued to come in via the Dutch in Nagasaki. Curiosity about the west.
Trade was still restricted to one port like in China **idk if this is a good ID
Edo Bay
In the 1800s, the Tokugawa regime tried to keep Japan isolated from the west.
Hoeer, thigs like faie ad the Tokugaa regie’s iailit to hadle relief led to
increasing opposition to their rule. In order to prevent the spread of western invasion, they
realized they had to change their policies. In 1853, American ships sailed into Edo Bay asking for
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
the right for American ships to take on provisions and supplies in Japanese ports and the right
for Americans to trade with Japan. The Tokugawa government agreed to their requests, which
in turn led to America asking for more things, causing a problem of unequal treaties which led
to more opposition to Tokugawa rule. This would eventually lead to the overthrow of the
Tokugawa regime.
Emperor Meiji
After the overthrow of the Tokugawa regime in 1868, the emperor was restored to
power. Emperor Meiji took over rule and started a very important period in Japanese history.
The Meiji government had 2 objectives: strengthen japan to keep it independent, and get rid of
the unequal treaties that Japan had signed with the western powers. The Meiji rulers took
knowledge from the west to make changes in the government, military, and economy of Japan.
The reform made in these areas allowed Japan to become a place where there were western
influences, but they were filtered through Japanese traditions. They also revised the treaties
with the western powers and got them to see Japan as equal, and also became an imperialist
power under the Meiji. By the beginning of the 1900s, the Meiji had made Japan a serious force
World War I
Sarajevo / Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Sarajevo is currently the capital of Bosnia. It had been part of the Ottoman empire, but
they lost control of Bosnia in 1908. Bosnia was then taken over by Austria Hungary. In 1914,
Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist as he rode through
Sarajevo. He was next in line to become the emperor of Austria Hungary. This assassination
triggered a chain of events that led to the outbreak of world war.
*** what else ab WW1
The Ottoman Empire
Sultan Mahmud II
He was the sultan of the ottoman empire in the early 1800s, and wanted to pass
reforms that were not accepted by janissaries. He built his own small army and secret agents
and would deliberately get the Janissaries to mutiny, which gave him an excise to massacre the
janissaries. This wiped out the major threat to his reform program. After this, he started coming
up with reforms to improve the ottoman empire and tried to avoid being dominated by europe.
He changed the military, tried to modernize education and law, etc, but this all led to
developing major financial problems in the ottoman empire
Sultan Abdul Hamid II
He ruled from 1876-1909 and was determined to save the ottoman empire, and thought
the best way to do that was to keep western influence in check and ruling as an autocracy. He
restricted civil liberties and developed a network of spies and informants to keep an eye on
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
