NURS312 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Syndrome, Reverse Transcriptase, Inflammation
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
NURS312
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Lecture 1
• Terminology
• Anatomy=structure
• Physiology=function/process
• Pathology=study of disease; structure and function
• Pathogenesis=source/cause of disease
• Pathogen=the cause of disease
• -pathy or -pathic = disease
• Pathophysiology=structure and functional manifestations of disease
• Disease - physiologic dysfunction in one or more body system with specific signs and
symptoms
• Acute - severe; short-lasting; abrupt, intense onset
• Chronic - exacerbation; has flares and remissions
• Congenital - born with it; inherited or environmental
• Acquired - get it in your lifetime; develops after birth
• Syndrome - cluster of symptoms
• The health continuum
• Wellness ————————— Illness
• Somewhere between feeling terrific and feeling like crap
• Everyone is somewhere on a continuum, and has their personal measurement of health
• Everyone ’s opinion of health is being able to do everything you want to do
• Terminology
• Etiology - causation of the disease or condition; can be biologic, physical, genetic,
chemical, lifestyle, environmental; idiopathic (no known cause); multi-factorial
(common)
• Risk factors - characteristics or behaviors that increase the chance of developing disease
• Manifestations - presentation of disease/condition; symptoms - subjective complaints from
the patient; signs - objective observations from an observer; localized or systemic
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• Homeostasis/compensation - compensation are the self-protective properties of your body;
mechanisms built into your body that go in and maintain homeostasis; I.e. bone marrow
and kidneys and liver working together; the closer you can maintain homeostasis the
less disease onset you will have; homeostasis is the goal, and you get there through
compensation
• Diagnosis - requires a history (inc. pre-existing conditions, risk factors), physical exam,
diagnostic tests - data!
• World health organization - WHO
• Epidemiology - study of disease in populations; where CDC comes in
• How does it spread
• How is it controlled
• How to prevent it, how to eliminate it, risk factors
• Incidence - # new cases in a year in the population at risk
• Prevalence - # new and old cases now per # population at risk
• Consequences/sequelae (can we prevent or decrease these?)
• Mortality - death; morbidity - resulting illness, disability, abnormality that results in
what’s supposed to be normal functioning
• Sequelae - serious problems that might occur in development
• Pathogenesis
• The body’s response gives us a prognosis
• Risk factors are something you can partly control
• All goes together
• Looking at biologic mechanism leading to the disease state
• Terminology
• Nosocomial - hospital born infection; like MRSA; lots of people that are overweight and
lots of preemies end up with infections in the hospital
• Community-acquired - like in daycare
• Iatrogenic - caused by treatment or diagnostic procedures; the treatment is the etiology;
like getting constipated from opioid pain meds - opioid constipation
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Every time pacman digests something, it gets more energy with its activity - this energy causes heat and redness which we call inflammation. Serous (watery) with very few plasma proteins or wbc"s (blister) Segs = 50%; bands=10% (0. 6x5000 = 3000) - strong anc count, so not susceptible to infection: example 2, wbc = 2000. Increases permeability of vessel to allow immune cells and fluid to exit vessel and get into tissue. Causes edema from a fluid shift in inflammation - get swelling; causes pain as the swelling presses on nerves and structures; can cause a loss of function at that area. Upward displacement of set point by hypothalamus: resetting of the hypothalamic set point (called hyperthermia) Too much heat was made: decreased heat dissipation (no sweating) - happens in athletes, and in premature babies; preemies can"t sweat. Lasts minutes; replace with water: heat exhaustion r/t loss of fluid and sodium over time in hot environment.
