APK 2105C Study Guide - Final Guide: Pineal Gland, Thyroid, Tropic Hormone

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Know which hormones are produced by the primary endocrine organs. Primary endocrine organs primary function is secretion of hormones. Hypothalamus secrets tropic hormones; works with pituitary gland. Pituitary gland affected by hormones secreted by hypothalamus: adenohypophysis anterior pituitary (epithelial); tropic hormones. Gonads (testes and ovaries) testosterone, progesterone. Adrenal glands: cortex cortisol, sex hormones, aldosterone (regulate na/k, medulla catecholamines (80% epinephrine, 20% norepinephrine, <1% Pancreas: endocrine function islet of langerhans (breakdown of glucagon, insulin, exocrine function digestive enzymes (small intestine) Understand the differences between endocrine and nervous system communication. Transported in blood with a binding of carrier protein. <1% free hormone is not bound; majority is bound to carrier proteins. What happens if a cell is placed in a hyperosmotic and/or hyposmotic environment. 300 mosm normal hyperosmotic: >300 mosm, cell shrinks, high [solute], low [water] hypo-osmotic: <300 mosm, cell swells, low [solute], high [water] High to low concentration of water - osmosis.