GLY 1000 Midterm: EXAM2.doc

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What five criteria are required for a substance to be called a mineral: naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline (orderly arrangement of atoms, solid, specific range of chemical composition. Oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium. A group of similarly structured minerals who share common elements. A bond of 4 oxygen atoms and silicon. The chains grow larger, and there are more si per o. Igneous rocks are classified according to texture and composition. Glassy- no mineral grains form because there are no internal arrangements of minerals. Aphanitic- individual grains are present, but too small for the naked eye. Fast cooling. phaneritic- individual grains are large enough to be visible to the naked eye. Large mineral grains. porphyritic- large grains are embedded in a matrix of smaller grains. **the faster the cooling rate, the smaller the grain size. Temperate contrast between magma/lava and surrounding medium (rock/air/water) and depth. Mafic rocks are dark colored and have a low silica content.

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