CHEM 130 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Intermolecular Force, Lone Pair, Hydrogen Bond
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Changes in state are due to forces among the molecules, not within the. Amount of energy added excites atoms change in state. It takes much energy to overcome covalent bonds and decompose the water molecules into their component atoms than to just vaporize 1 mol of water. Intermolecular forces - occur between rather than within molecules. Dipole-dipole forces - molecules w/ dipole moments can attract each other by lining up so that the positive and negative ends are close to each other. Form in polar covalent bonds - 2 atoms w/ different electronegativities separation of charges. In liquid state - where many molecules are in close proximity, molecules orient themselves to maximize interactions and minimize repulsion. Strongest dipole-dipole forces are seen among molecules where h is bound to a highly electronegative atom ( n, f, o ) Hydrogen bond - type of dipole-dipole interaction. H atom is bound to lone pair on adjacent molecule.
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