CHEM 105 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Amplitude Modulation, Periodic Table, Uranium
CHEM 105
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Science and Technology: Risks and Benefits
Science and technology are interrelated. They both involve risks and benefits
DQ= Benefits/Risks
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DQ stands for desirability quotient
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To cigarettes vs. e-cigarettes
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Cigs
E-Cigs
Benefit
s
Buzz, reduces stress, benefit for
tobacco farmers
Buzz, reduces stress, no tobacco,
delivers nicotine quicker, more flavors,
doesn’t smell as much
Risks
Cancer, smells bad, addiction,
damages clothes, risk of fire,
expensive, headaches
Addiction, unknown/unresearched
risks, unknown composition, could
malfunction, expensive
Heart attacks and heart disease
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Lifetime risks chart/table illustrates how much risk of death is associated with a
variety of different instances throughout their lifetime
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Calculating Death Risks
In 2011, 411 US Citizens died from accidental electrocution (out of 281,000,000
U.S. Citizens in 2001)
1.5 deaths/1,000,000 people = 2 ppm
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0.2 deaths/100,000 people
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Death rates by age in the US chart (infant death rates have significantly
decreased over time)
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Death rates are decreasing because we have greater access to medications that
we need to prevent many illnesses and there has been more research as well
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Why has death rates decreased over time?
Modern medicine: Antibiotics
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Surgery: Amputation
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Vaccines
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Safety inspections for the consumer
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Air quality has improved
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Sterilization
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Water quality
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Risks and Benefits
Wednesday, August 22, 2018
11:33 AM
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Water quality
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More nutritious food and increased food production (green revolution) +
Fertilizers
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Why did 15-24 increase in 1920, 1970, and 2010s?
1920: Spanish Influenza
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1970: Younger drivers and driving under the influence (increased car
accidents)
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2010: Distracted driving (texting and driving)
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Senseless movie clip
Drug discovery and development
Discovery (2-10 years)
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Preclinical testing (animal and lab testing)
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Phase I (20-30 healthy volunteers)
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Phase II (100-300 patient volunteers with disease but also healthy used to
check for efficiency and side effects)
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Phase III (1,000-5,000 patient volunteers used to monitor reactions to
long-term drug use)
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FDA review and approval
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Post-marketing testing
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In 2010 the time from conception to approval took an average of 10 years and
thousands of drugs get rejected
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Many natural products, few synthetics, animal testing, self-testing, trial runs,
marketing
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find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Buzz, reduces stress, no tobacco, delivers nicotine quicker, more flavors, doesn"t smell as much. Cancer, smells bad, addiction, damages clothes, risk of fire, expensive, headaches. Addiction, unknown/unresearched risks, unknown composition, could malfunction, expensive. Lifetime risks chart/table illustrates how much risk of death is associated with a variety of different instances throughout their lifetime. In 2011, 411 us citizens died from accidental electrocution (out of 281,000,000. Death rates by age in the us chart (infant death rates have significantly decreased over time) Death rates are decreasing because we have greater access to medications that we need to prevent many illnesses and there has been more research as well. More nutritious food and increased food production (green revolution) + 1970: younger drivers and driving under the influence (increased car accidents) Phase ii (100-300 patient volunteers with disease but also healthy used to check for efficiency and side effects) Phase iii (1,000-5,000 patient volunteers used to monitor reactions to long-term drug use)
