PSYC 287- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 32 pages long!)

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30 Nov 2017

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PSYC 287

FINAL EXAM

STUDY GUIDE

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Chapter1:TheStudyofthePerson



● GordonAllport“FatherofPersonalityPsych”

○ “Theoutstandingcharacteristicofmanishisindividuality.Therewasnevera

personjustlikehim,andthereneverwillbeagain.”

● Whatispersonality?

○ Howdifferenthe/sheisfromothers

○ Howhe/shebehavesinthedifferentsituations

○ Boththesituationandthepersoninfluencebehavior

○Consistentbehaviorpatternsandintrapersonalprocessesoriginatingwithinthe

individual

■ toanextent,individualbehaviorisconsistentacrosstimeandsituations

■ emotional,motivational,andcognitiveprocessesthatinfluence

individual’sfeelingsandactions

● Howdowestudypersonality?

○ Psychologicaltriad:thecombinationofhowpeoplethink,feel,andbehave

● WhatdoPersonalityPsychologistsStudy?

○ Psychologicaltriad

○ overlapwithclinicalpsychology

■ bothattempttounderstandthewholeperson

■ normalvs.extremepatternsofpersonality

● AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofPersonalityPsych

○ Goalistoaccountforthewholepersonandreallifeconcerns

■ advantage:inclusive,interesting,andimportant

● “Ifyoudescribealandscape,oraseascape,oracityscape,

alwaysbesuretoincludeandhumanfiguresomewhereinthe

scene.Why?Becausereadersarehumanbeings,mostly

interestedinhumanbeings.”KurtVonnegut

● “Greatstrengthsareusuallygreatweaknesses,andsurprisingly

oftentheoppositeistrueaswell.”Funder’sFirstLaw(pg.10)

● Alsoseeninindividuals

○ whatissomethingyoureallylikeaboutyourbestfriend?

Doesthissamecharacteristicevercauseproblems?

■ HaiLeeisopenmindedbutheropenmindedness

makesherrudesometimes.

■ disadvantage:overinclusiveorunfocusedresearch

○ Howdoyoucomparetwowholepeople?

■ Considerindividualdifferences

● advantage:emphasizeindividualdifferences(whereasotherareas

ofpsychtreatallpeopleasiftheywerethesame)

○ sensitivityandrespectforindividualdifferences

● disadvantage:pigeonholing

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○ classifyingpeoplebasedonstereotypesorfocusingon

onethingtoomuch

● Whatarethegoalsofpersonalitypsych?

○ Basicapproachestopersonality:

■ traitapproach:peoplelieonacontinuumofpersonalitycharacteristics

■ biologicalapproach:understandthemindintermsofthebody

■ psychoanalyticapproach:primaryconcerniswiththeunconsciousmind

andinternalmentalconflict

■ phenomenological(humanistic)approach:focusonconsciousexperience

oftheworld

● humanisticpsych:howconsciousawarenessproducesuniquely

humanattributes

● crossculturalpsych:howtheexperienceofrealityvariesacross

cultures

■ learningapproach:howbehaviorchangesasaresultofrewards,

punishments,andlifeexperiences

○ Basicapproaches:competitorsorcomplements?

■ notincompetitionwitheachother

■ theycomplementeachotherwhilecoveringseveraldifferentapproaches

individually

■ OneBigTheory

● it’sdifficulttodoeverythingwell

● somethingthatdoesonethingwellcan’tdoeverythingefficiently

● EX:cellphones

○ Whatmakessomepeopleaggressive?

■ traitapproachesexplanation:

● focusesonindividualdifferencesandthestabilityofaggressive

behavior

○ aggressivechildrenaremostlikelytobecomeaggressive

adults

■ biological:

● geneticpredispositiontowardsaggression

● EvolutionaryTheory

■ psychoanalytic:

● peoplepossessanunconsciousdesiretoselfdestruct

○ selfdestructiveimpulsesareexpressedagainstothersin

theformofaggression

■ humanistic:

● peoplearebasicallygood

● aggressionariseswhenourbasicneedsaren’tmet

■ learning:

● peoplelearntobeaggressive

● aggressivebehaviorthatisrewardedwillberepeated

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PSYC 287- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 32 pages long!)

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