BIOL 3361 Final: Final Exam Study Guide
Document Summary
Be able to recognize reducing sugar / reducing end / non-reducing end when carbohydrate structures are given: reducing sugars: have free anomeric carbons, reducing ends: have free anomeric carbons, non-reducing ends: no free anomeric oh. Glycosidic bond and naming: alpha/beta configuration retained. Characteristics / functions / structural features (including glycosidic bonds) of polysaccharides (glycogen, cellulose, etc. : starch: Branched @ every 12-30 residues; easier to release glucose for metabolism. Phosphorylase releases glucose-1-p from non-reducing ends: glycogen: Branched @ every 8-12 residues; more branching than in amylopectin. Makes up to 10% liver mass and 1-2% muscle mass: dextrans: Mostly alpha (1,6) links instead of alpha (1,4) links. Found in dental plaque and used in sephadex gels: cellulose: Dmdheu used to cross-link chains in wrinkle-free fabrics: chitin. Linear chains of repeating disaccharides w/ 1 amino sugar and either/both sugars negatively charged. Ex: heparin (anticoagulant), hyaluronates (eye vitreous humor/joint synovial fluid), chondroitins and keratin sulfate (tendons/cartilage), dermatan sulfate (skin), proteoglycans.
