BIOL 1345 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Photosynthesis, Endocytosis, Nucleoid

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Endosymbiotic theory- explains the presence of two organelles in eukaryotes, chloroplasts and mitochondria. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in size to bacteria. Both divide by a process similar to binary fission. Both typically contain circular dna molecules that closely resemble bacterial chromosomes. Both genomes contain codes for ribosomes that resemble those found in bacteria. Both are surrounded by two membranes, the innermost of which has a chemical composition similar to that of a bacterial plasma membrane. Chloroplasts resemble cyanobacteria in their internal structure. Magnification- the ratio of an object"s image to its real size (ex: 400x = 400 times actual size) Resolution- the minimum distance that two points can be separated and still be seen as two points. Prokaryotic cell- characterized by having no nucleus, dna in an unbound region called the nucleoid, no membrane-bound organelles, cytoplasm bound by the plasma membrane.

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