ANSC 380 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Zoonosis, Trim Tab, Rabies
ANSC 380
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Animal Science 380
Chapter 1 Notes
• Domesticated Animals Share Six Traits
o Flexible diet
o Fast growth rate
o Breed in captivity
o Pleasant disposition
o Temperament
o Herding instinct
• Koch’s Postulates
o The microbe must be present in every case of the disease
o The microbe must be isolated in pure culture from a host affected with the disease
o Inoculation of another host with microbe culture must cause the disease
o The microbe must be re-isolated from the experimentally inoculated host
• Biotechnology
o Genetic Testing
▪ Can screen for genetic disorders; genome analysis
o Genetic Engineering
▪ Enhance or eliminate certain traits by manipulating genetic makeup
o GMO
▪ Genetically modified organisms
o Transgenics
▪ Transfer of a specific gene from one organism to another
o Cloning
▪ Produce genetically identical organisms
o 3D Printing
▪ Printing appendages for animals
• Animal Health Products
o Large business
▪ Millions spent each year to prevent/ treat disease
o New drugs
▪ 7-10 years to develop a new drug
▪ 3-5 years to develop new vaccine
▪ $100 million to develop a new drug
o Research Development
▪ $689 million spent
▪ $6.8 billion on health products
• Antimicrobials and Vaccines
o 1916
▪ The first vaccine for cattle aggression against Blackleg
o 1950
▪ The mass production of antibiotics such as penicillin and sulfonamides
• The First Animals to Become Domesticated
o Dog
▪ Undetermined Geographical Region
o Sheep
▪ Western Asia
o Cat
▪ Fertile Crescent
o Goat
▪ Western Asia
o Pig
▪ Western Asia
o Cattle
▪ Eastern Sahara
o Chicken
▪ Asia
o Horse
▪ Kazakhstan
Document Summary
Inherited genetic defects: birth defects, problem during fetal development, environmental influence, may or may not show clinical signs, metabolic, metabolic disease. Inflammatory: na(cid:373)e of (cid:272)o(cid:374)ditio(cid:374) (cid:373)ay e(cid:374)d i(cid:374) (cid:862)itis(cid:863) Immune mediated is a disease resulting from an overwhelming activity of the adaptive immune system: trauma/toxins, trauma: Injury or damage caused by physical harm from an external source: toxins, the degree to which a substance can harm animals, understanding how a disease is caused, epidemiology, study of disease in a population, determinants. Animal science 380: three different levels of defense mechanisms. Increase peristalsis: urogenital tract, flushing effect, acidic ph. Innate immunity: phagocytes, phagocytosis, swallowing of a cell, cells that are adapted to engulf and destroy microbes or foreign particles, natural killer cells. Infected host cells are eliminated by apoptosis: both of these are non-specific and can cause tissue damage, phagocytes, neutrophils, present in larger numbers and are the initial responder during an infection.