PSYC 432 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Naturalistic Observation

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Chapter 4: be familiar with the following terms: random selection, selection bias, validity, reliability, naturalistic observation, and direct observation. Random selection: choosing each participant for a study by chance. Selection bias: choosing a population for a study that might overrepresent a disorder (or whatever the researcher is focusing on) Reliability: consistency of data if the study were to be repeated. Naturalistic observation: directly observing individuals in the real world or a natural setting . Direct observation: allows researcher to systematically measure behavior as it is happening: contrast the concepts of internal and external validity with regard to research. Internal validity: the extent to which an explanation is judged to be correct or sound. External validity: the extent to which an explanation can be generalized to another population: differentiate the following designs: case study, correlation study, experiment, single-case experiment (e. g. , reversal design (aba), multiple baseline design), cross-sectional research, and longitudinal research.