[BIOL 2200] - Final Exam Guide - Ultimate 110 pages long Study Guide!

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History of evolution lecture notes: aristotle, described species as fixed, life needed organizing, a scale from simple to complex (led to idea that there are lower order organisms and higher order organisms) James hutton: slow transformation of earth and earth was old than thought at the time (gradualism, thomas robert malthus (economist): In optimal conditions, organisms have lots of offspring, but not all offspring survived: offspring limited by post-birth conditions, human population limited by resources. Idea that we can see changes in expression of genes (not gene itself) that can be passed onto offspring: ex. Isolated populations, no immigration, changing allele frequency: hardy weinburg is a null hypothesis, happens when there is no evolution, test populations to see if they are changing, assuming conditions will not change, evidence for evolution if frequencies change. Mechanisms of evolution lecture notes: mechanism of evolution, gene flow migration, immigration, emigration, movement of genes specifically, not just animals.