BIOL 152- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 18 pages long!)
Document Summary
Evolution: s(cid:272)ie(cid:374)tifi(cid:272) theor(cid:455) that e(cid:454)plai(cid:374)s the origi(cid:374) of earth"s spe(cid:272)ies (cid:894)(cid:271)iodi(cid:448)ersit(cid:455)(cid:895) (cid:271)(cid:455) gradual change over time, descent with modification from common ancestors, principle unifying concept in biology. Theory: comprehensive general application that is well supported by a large amount of evidence (i. e. data: theories are never proven, only falsified, ne(cid:449)to(cid:374)"s theor(cid:455) of u(cid:374)i(cid:448)ersal gratifi(cid:272)atio(cid:374) Reconstructing the history of life: cannot run an experiment, like we can to test the evolutionary process, can use these two patterns, nested similarity observed in living organisms, morphological and molecular, historical archive of fossils. In contrast to eukaryotic: simpler, no membrane around dna, vast metabolic diversity, responsible for ecosystem operation everywhere, ancestral cellular organization, two domains (bacteria and archaea, archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria. Paradigm shift: fro(cid:373): prokaryotes as pri(cid:373)iti(cid:448)e a(cid:374)d la(cid:272)ki(cid:374)g , nucleus, mitochondria, sexual reproductio(cid:374), et(cid:272) , to: di(cid:448)erse a(cid:374)d su(cid:272)(cid:272)essful produ(cid:272)t of 4 (cid:271)illio(cid:374) years of e(cid:448)olutio(cid:374) . Transformation (consuming dna from dead bacteria: 3.
