PSYC 318- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 131 pages long!)
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PSYC 318
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
A psychological dysfunction within an individual that is
a.
Associated with distress or impairment in function
b.
A response that is not typical or culturally expected
c.
A psychological disorder is…
•
All three basic criteria must be met; no one criterion alone has yet been identified that defines the
essence of abnormality
•
DSM-5 describes behavioral, psychological, or biological dysfunctions that are unexpected in
their cultural context and associated with present distress and impairment in functioning, or
increased risk of suffering, death, pain, or impairment
○
DSM-5 provides symptoms and descriptions of disorders
○
An accepted definition
•
Asking us to think about biological, behavioral, emotional, social, and developmental
influence to any mental disorder
○
People spent a lot of time focusing on single areas in psychology and psychiatry, but now
people are moving away from that approach
○
Multidimensional model
•
The field of psychopathology is concerned with the scientific study of psychological disorders
•
Trained mental health professionals range from clinical and counseling psychologists to
psychiatrists and psychiatric social workers, professional counselors, and nurses
•
Each profession requires a specific type of training
•
PhD more of a research-focused degree, extensive practice in clinical research:
methods and practices, interacting with different patients and learning how to treat
them
▪
PsyD practices more than researching, learning how to be a practitioner, applying
research rather than making your own research
▪
Clinical psychologists focus more on severe disorders like schizophrenia, bipolar
disorder, types of dementia, etc.
▪
Counseling psychologists more likely to focus on individuals that are living with things
like major depression, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, people who can
function in the community
▪
There isn't a really specific divide between a clinical psychologist and a counseling
psychologist
▪
Clinical and counseling psychologists (PhD, PsyD)
○
Medical doctors, go to med school
▪
Prescribe medications to people with mental illnesses
▪
Psychiatrists (MD)
○
Marriage and family therapists (MA, MS, MFT)
○
Professional counselors (MA, MS, MEd) (LPC)
○
Psychiatric social workers (BSW, MSW) (LCSW)
○
Psychiatric nurses with PhDs are doing research and teaching practitioners how to
practice as well
▪
Least trained people spend the most time with patients
▪
Psychiatric nurses (AA, BS, MN, CNS, PhD)
○
Psychopathology is the scientific study of psychological disorders conducted by
•
Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context
Enhancing the practice
▪
Informs practice
▪
Consumer of science
○
Interaction of clinical work and science
•
The Scientist-Practitioner
Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context
Thursday, January 19, 2017
3:27 PM
Abnormal Psychology Page 1
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Informs practice
▪
Determining the effectiveness of the practice
▪
Utilizes science
▪
Evaluator of science
○
Conducting research that leads to new procedures useful in practice
▪
Synthesizes both
▪
Creator of science
○
Using scientific methods, mental health professionals can function as scientist-practitioners
•
They not only keep up with the latest findings but also use scientific data to evaluate their own
work, and they often conduct research within their clinics or hospitals
•
Research about psychological disorders falls into three basic categories: description, causation,
and treatment and outcomes
•
Can you provide examples of each research category in the context of anxiety or depression and in
the context of the multidimensional integrative model?
•
The Science of Psychopathology
Requires a broad approach
○
Biological, psychological, social factors
▪
Multiple, interactive influences
○
Neuroscience
▪
Cognitive, behavioral sciences
▪
Scientific emphasis
○
Defining and studying psychopathology
•
Scientific Method and an Integrative Approach
Chronic (e.g., Schizophrenia, Bipolar, Personality)
○
Episodic (e.g., no symptoms between episodes)
○
Time-limited (e.g., single episode, in remission)
○
Course
•
Acute (rapid) vs. (gradual)
○
Onset
•
Good versus guarded
○
Prognosis
•
Medication, Therapy, Psychosocial, Periodic, Ongoing
○
Treatment
•
Study of age appropriate or expected changes in behavior over time
▪
Developmental psychology
○
Study of changes in abnormal behavior over time (e.g., Schizophrenia, Autism,
Conduct Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder)
▪
Developmental psychopathology
○
Childhood, Adolescence, Adulthood, Older Age
▪
Life-span developmental psychopathology
○
Age of onset may shape presentation
•
Mother, father, 5-year-old daughter, and 12-year-old daughter, treated for acute stress
disorder two weeks following a near fatal airline accident with physical injury, emergency
hospitalization, and medical treatment
○
Use what you know about developmental issues and what you know about trauma and discuss the
following scenario:
•
Clinical description
•
Cause or etiology
•
Age of onset
•
Course
•
Prognosis
•
Treatment
•
Using what you already know about ADHD, let's discuss a "typical" case example
•
Clinical Description
Abnormal Psychology Page 2
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