PSYC104 Chapter Notes - Chapter 15: Phallic Stage, Penis Envy, Erogenous Zone

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PSYC104 LECTURE READING
Week 6 & 7 Chapter 15: Personality
- Traits: relatively enduring predispositions that influence our behaviour across many
situations
- Nomothetic approach: approach to personality that focuses on identifying general
laws that govern the behaviour of all individuals
- Idiographic approach: approach to personality that focuses on identifying the unique
configuration of characteristics and life history experiences within a person
- Catharsis: feeling of relief following a dramatic outpouring of emotion
- Psychic determinism: the assumption that all psychological events have a cause
- Id: reservoir of our most primitive impulses, including sex and aggression
- Pleasure principle: tendency of the id to strive for immediate gratification
- Ego: pshe’s eeutie ad priipal deisio-maker
- Reality principle: tendency of the ego to postpone gratification until it can find an
appropriate outlet
- Superego: our sense of morality
- Defence mechanisms: unconscious manoeuvres intended to minimise anxiety
- Repression: motivation inhibition of emotionally threatening memories or impulses
- Denial: motivated failure to acknowledge distressing external experiences
- Regression: the act of returning psychologically to a younger, and typically safer and
simpler, age
- Reaction-formation: transformation of an anxiety-provoking emotion into its
opposition
- Projection: unconscious attribution of our negative characteristics to others
- Displacement: directing an impulse from a socially unacceptable target onto a safer
and more socially acceptable target
- Rationalisation: providing a reasonable-sounding explanation for unreasonable
behaviours or failures
- Sublimation: transforming a socially unacceptable impulse into an admired goal
- Erogenous zone: sexually arousing zone of the body
- Oral stage: psychosexual stage that focuses on the mouth
- Anal stage: psychosexual stage that focuses on toilet training
- Phallic stage: psychosexual stage that focuses on the genitals
- Oedipus complex: conflict during the phallic stage in which boys supposedly love
their mothers romantically and want to eliminate their fathers as rivals
- Electra complex: conflict during the phallic stage in which girls supposedly love their
fathers romantically and want to eliminate their mothers as rivals
- Penis envy: supposed desire of girls to possess a penis
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Document Summary

Week 6 & 7 chapter 15: personality. Traits: relatively enduring predispositions that influence our behaviour across many situations. Nomothetic approach: approach to personality that focuses on identifying general laws that govern the behaviour of all individuals. Idiographic approach: approach to personality that focuses on identifying the unique configuration of characteristics and life history experiences within a person. Catharsis: feeling of relief following a dramatic outpouring of emotion. Psychic determinism: the assumption that all psychological events have a cause. Id: reservoir of our most primitive impulses, including sex and aggression. Pleasure principle: tendency of the id to strive for immediate gratification. Reality principle: tendency of the ego to postpone gratification until it can find an appropriate outlet. Defence mechanisms: unconscious manoeuvres intended to minimise anxiety. Repression: motivation inhibition of emotionally threatening memories or impulses. Denial: motivated failure to acknowledge distressing external experiences. Regression: the act of returning psychologically to a younger, and typically safer and simpler, age.

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