PSY1011 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Sensory Memory, Sensory System, Inattentional Blindness
4 May 2018
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Memory in Psychology
Importance of Memory
Allows us to learn, navigate easily, use language, etc.
Shapes our identity
o Record of our past
o Plan & predict future
Potetiall disastrous he it goes rog…
o E.g., amnesia, implanted & constructed memories
Linked to disorders
o E.g., Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Information Processing Model: An Information Systems Analogy
Encode
o Pick up information through our sensory system
o E.g., security camera picks up data
Storage
o Encode information into a storage unit
o E.g., saved onto a disk
Retrieval
o Bring up information when needed
o E.g., pulling up data on a monitor later
Information Processing Model continued
External event (input)
o Sensory memory
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o Large capacity, brief duration
Encode
o Attention to important or novel stimuli
Working (short-term) memory
o Limited capacity, short duration
Encode
o Conscious (and unconscious processing)
Long-term memory
o Large capacity overall, long duration
Store
Encoding: Sensory to Short-Term Memory
Consciousness=awareness of ourselves and our environment
I soe as, e are lid to the orld aroud us
o Inattentional lidess: do’t otie the presee of soethig that’s there
o Change blindness
Encoding: Sensory to Short-Term Memory
Consciousness=awareness of ourselves and our environment
I soe as, e are lid to the orld aroud us
o Inattentional lidess: do’t otie the presee of soethig that’s there
▪ One stimuli
o Chage lidess: do’t otie soethig hagig
▪ Two stimuli
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Encoding: Short-Term to Long-Term Memory—HOW
Conscious/ Effortful processing
o New or unusual information
o Requires attention and effort (e.g., rehearsal or repetition)
▪ Spacing helps
Do’t ra to stud!
▪ Better for first & last items
Sequential effect
Unconscious/ Automatic processing
o E.g., space, time, frequency
Encoding: Short-Term to Long-Term Memory—WHAT
Encoding by sensations:
o Acoustic (sounds, words)
o Visual (images, colors) o
Spatial (locations)
o Kinesthetic (body movements)
Encoding by meaning:
o Semantics=meaning behind the sentence
Encoding by organization
o Mnemonics=memory tips/tricks
o Chunking
▪ E.g., encode list of numbers 1-7-7-6-1-4-9-2 as dates
1776, 1492
▪ E.g., acronyms: HOMES=Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Eerie, Superior
o Hierarchy
▪ E.g., outlines or charts
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