PSY2071 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3-4: Pacifier, Visual Cortex, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
5 Jun 2018
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PSY2071 – Readings – Week 2
~ principles of prenatal development
• proximodistal sequence - the developmental principle that growth occurs
from the most interior parts of the body outward
•
o most interior - proximal
o outer - distal
• cephalocaudal sequence
•
o the developmental principle that growth occurs in a sequence
from head to toe
o cephalo - head
o caudal - tail
• mass-to-specifc sequence
•
o the developmental principle that large structures and movements
precede increasingly detailed refinements
~ week 9 to birth - the fetal stage
•
o fetal stage - the final period of prenatal development, lasting 7
months, characterised by physical refinements, massive growth
and the development of the brain
o age of viability
o
▪ the earliest point at which a baby can survive outside of the
womb
▪ has dropped to 22-23 weeks
o umbilical cord
o
▪ the structure that attaches the placenta to the foetus
through which nutrients are passed and fetal wastes are
removed
o amniotic sac
o
▪ a bag shaped fluid filled membrane that contains and
insulates the fetus
• during the late embryonic stage, a mass of cells begins to form within the
neural tube that will eventually produce more than 100 billion neurons
that compose the brain
• neurons assemble in their stain area by the middle of the foetal period -
then they assume their mature form
• month 6 - can hear
• 7 - see
~ pregnancy
• gestation
•
o the period of pregnancy
o divided into three segments
o
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▪ called trimesters
▪
▪ one of the 3 month long segments
• first trimester
•
o signals/symptoms
o
▪ feeling faint
▪ headaches
▪ frequent urination
▪ tired
▪ tender breasts
▪
▪ trigger is a flood of hormones
▪
▪ after implantation - the production of
progesterone - the hormone responsible for
maintaining the pregnancy surges
▪ the placenta produces its own hormone -
human chorionic gonadotropin - HCG -
thought to prevent the woman’s body from
rejecting the foreign embryo
▪ morning sickness
▪
▪ waves of nausea and sometimes omitting
▪ not confined to the morning
o miscarriage
o
▪ during first trimester - roughly 1 in 10 pregnancies
▪ the naturally occurring loss of a pregnancy and death of the
foetus
• second trimester
•
o foetus makes its presence physically known
o around week 18 - quickening - a pregnant woman’s first
infancy
• basic newborn states
•
o eating
o
▪ developmental changes - from newborn reflects to two-year
olds’ food cautions
▪
▪ reflex
▪
▪ a response or action that is automatic and
programmed by non cortical brain centres
▪ sucking reflex
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find more resources at oneclass.com
