PSYC 381 Chapter Notes - Chapter 14: Dependency Ratio, Health Promotion
14 Jun 2018
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Describe the scenario provided by the book authors for the year 2030. What is
the dependency ratio? What are the two major issues facing the US? Are these
issues different from the ones in your country? (pp. 406-409)
-By the year 2030, the last of the baby boomers reach age 65.
-Between now and 2030 the following changes will have set in:
-The proportion of older adults in the US will nearly double.
-Older adults will be more educated
-Older adults health benefits will be limited.
-The dependency ratio, a ratio of the number of people under the age 15
and over age 64 in a country, will change. The ratio of workers to retirees
will change from 3:1 to 2:1.
-The two major future issues facing the United States are Social Security
and Medicare.
-Similar to Canada.
1.
What is social security and medicare? What are the primary challenges and
solutions facing social security and medicare in the US? (pp. 409-414)
-Social security is a measure of protection to the average citizen against
the loss of a job and poverty.
-The primary challenge facing Social Security is the aging of the baby
boomers and the much smaller generation that follows.
-It is funded by taxes
-Medicare is medical insurance.
-Also funded by taxes.
-Medicare costs have increased dramatically because of more rapid cost
increased in health care.
2.
What is quality of life, and how is it related to health promotion? What are the
three key adaptive mechanisms for maintaining competence? What are the key
strategies for health promotion and disease prevention? What are the four
levels of prevention? (pp. 414-418)
-Quality of life is influenced by peoples state of health and is their well
being.
-Related b/c promoting people to live better, give them a better quality of
life.
-Three key adaptive mechanisms for aging: selection, optimization and
compensation(SOC model).
-The key strategies are sound health habits; good habits of thought, a
social network; and sound economic habits.
-The four levels of prevention are:
1. Primary prevention: Any intervention that prevents a disease or
condition from occurring. Ex. immunizing against illnesses.
2. Secondary prevention:
Is instituted early after a condition has begun Ex. cardiovascular
screening.
3. Tertiary prevention:
Involved efforts to avoid the development of complications or secondary
chronic conditions. Ex. being bedridden as a result of a chronic disease,
the prevention includes sitting the person up in bed to lower the risk of
other diseases.
4. Quaternary prevention:
Efforts are specifically aimed at improving the functional capacities of
people who have chronic conditions. Ex. cognitive interventions to help
people with Alzheimer's remember things.
3.
Describe the primary lifestyle factors that affect health promotion and disease
prevention. (pp. 418-422)
-Exercise significantly slows the aging process and better brain
functioning.
-Adults benefit from aerobic exercise
-Nutrition directly affects ones mental, emotional and physical
functioning.
-Lower your level of cholesterol
-Metabolism slows down with age
4.
What is successful aging, and how does it differ in the three models by Rowe &
Kahn (1998), Vaillant (2002), and Baltes et al. (2006)? What are some critiques
of successful aging? (pp. 422-424)
-Successful aging is the absence of disease and disability.
-Rowe & Kahn defined successful aging as:
1. avoidance of disease and disability
2. maintenance of cognitive and physical function
3. sustained engagement with life.
-Vaillant had a similar model with 6 factors.
-3 related to health and 3 related to social engagement.
-Baltes is SOC model, based on selection, optimization, and
compensation.
-Focuses on goal setting
-Critics:
-"successful aging" lacks that consensus, making it difficult to specify
exactly what the criteria are for achieving it.
-These models make assumptions that may not be universally true.
-1st model too focused on health for having a successful life.
5.
L14 -Successful Aging
Tuesday, May 22, 2018
11:19 AM
Document Summary
Describe the scenario provided by the book authors for the year 2030. Are these issues different from the ones in your country? (pp. By the year 2030, the last of the baby boomers reach age 65. Between now and 2030 the following changes will have set in: The proportion of older adults in the us will nearly double. The dependency ratio, a ratio of the number of people under the age 15 and over age 64 in a country, will change. The ratio of workers to retirees will change from 3:1 to 2:1. The two major future issues facing the united states are social security and medicare. What are the primary challenges and solutions facing social security and medicare in the us? (pp. Social security is a measure of protection to the average citizen against the loss of a job and poverty.
