BIOL 1F90 Chapter Notes - Chapter 21: Prototheria, Horizontal Gene Transfer, Eutheria

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Species: group of related organisms that share a distinctive form. Members of same species can interbreed to produce viable and fertile offspring. Biological evolution: a heritable change in one or more characteristics of a population or species across many generations. Microevolutionary change: small scale, changes in a single gene. Macroevolutionary change: larger scale, formation of a new species or groups of species. John ray (mid-late 1600s) developed early classification system, modern species concept. Ideas extended by carolus linnaeus (modern classification system) Late 1700s, european scientists suggest life forms are not fixed. George buffon said life forms change over time. Realized some animals stay the same, others change over time. Species spontaneously generated, then evolved to become more advanced. Ladder of life analogy, simple organisms remained at the bottom of the ladder, while more evolved were at the top. Evolutionary theory shaped by several different fields of study.

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