CHYS 2P35 Chapter 2: chapter 2

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When a perspective is shared by investigators, it may be termed a paradigm. Paradigms typically include assumptions and concepts, as ways to evaluate these. A theory is a formal, integrated set of principles or propositions that explains phenomena. Because they provide concepts and formal propositions that can be tested, theories are highly valued by researchers and clinicians. At the heart of interactional models is the assumption that variables interrelate to produce an outcome. One such approach, the vulnerability-stress model, conceptualizes the multiple causes of psychopathology as the working together of a vulnerability factor and a stress factor. Transactional models are widely employed in the study of both normal and abnormal development. Development is the result of ongoing, reciprocal transactions between the individual and the environmental context. In conceptualizing causation, it is useful to distinguish between direct and indirect causes. When a direct effect operates, variable x leads straight to the outcome.

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