BIOL 1003 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Pyrimidine Dimer, Dna Repair, Dna Mismatch Repair

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26 Oct 2016
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Forward mutation: changes wildtype to mutant (a+ a) Reverse mutation: changes mutant to wildtype back to wildtype from previous forward mutation (a a+) Classification of mutations: based on effects it has on dna: substitution replace base with another base. Transition: type of substitution mutation where purine is replaced by a purine or pyrimidine is replaced by pyrimidine a, g = purine, c, t = pyrimidine. Mutation rate higher in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes more chance to get a mutation as there are many cell divisions in eukaryotes. Ultraviolet light (uv): causes thymine to form abnormal covalent bonds with other thymine (dimers) Irradiation: reactive oxygens form and can alter the bases; mispairs and g-c becoming t-a. Dna polymerase errors are rare do not often incorporate the wrong bases. Minimizing errors: proofreading: dna polymerase; exonuclease recognizes and excises mismatches, methyl-directed mismatch repair: corrects errors in newly replicated dna. Exonuclease recognize and excise mismatch pairs 3" 5".

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