PSYC 2500 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Heredity, Quantitative Trait Locus

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2. 1 mechanisms of heredity: the biology of heredity. Chromosomes: thread like strands in a cell"s nucleus that contain genetic material (dna) (cid:190) most cells have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs: gametes: egg/sperm. One pair is the sex chromosomes: xx is female, xy is male. Chromosomes are about the same size (as their twin) except for the sex chromosomes. Gene: specific set of biochemical instructions provided by a set of nucleotide bases. Important contrast: genotype vs. phenotype: genotype: genetic blueprint of individual, full set of genes that a person inherits, phenotype: combination of genetic instructions and environmental factors. Produces set of traits that a person actually displays: single gene inheritance. Some phenotypes are associated with single pairs of genes, while other are associated with multiple (polygenic inheritance) Need to recognize genes come in many forms: alleles: forms of genes which occupy the same position as chromosomes.

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