PHED-2507EL Chapter Notes - Chapter 24 & 26: Oxidative Phosphorylation, Digestion, Ribose
25 Jun 2018
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1. Electrolyte balance
a. Question on exam about the mechanisms influencing sodium
b. Aldosterone plays the biggest role in regulation of sodium by kidneys
c. When aldosterone concentrations are high
c.i. Sodium is actively reabsorbed in DCT and water follow, so ECF
volume increases
d. When aldosterone concentrations are low
d.i. Sodium is not actively reabsorbed and is lost in urine, along
with increased loss of urine
e. ANP
e.i. Why does heart care about BP and BV
e.i.1. Amount of work it has to do
e.i.2. Wants to work efficiently
e.ii. Tries to get out rid of sodium
f. Cardiovascular baroreceptors on sodium
f.i. Increases GFR
g. Sex hormones control sodium levels
h. POTASSIUM
h.i. Influence of aldosterone
h.i.1. Stimulates secretion of potassium to reabsorb
sodium
h.ii. Levels influence the resting membrane potential in neurons
and muscle cells
h.ii.1. Disruption of potassium levels in the heart can
interfere with its electrical conduction, leading to
sudden death
i. CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE
i.i. Balanced controlled by PTH
i.i.1. Promotes increase in calcium and phosphate
blood levels
i.i.2. Increases osteoclast activity
i.i.3. In kidney calcium reabsorption tubule
2. Acid-base balance
a. Level of acidity (pH) affects all functional proteins and biochemical
reactions, so it is closely regulated by the body
a.i. Slight differences can denature your body’s enzymes
b. Chemical buffer system
b.i. Strong and weak acids and bases
b.ii. Chemical buffers is a system of one or more compounds that
act to resist pH changes when strong acid or base is added
b.iii. 3 major buffering systems:
b.iii.1. bicarbonate buffer system (exam question on
this?)
b.iii.1.a. buffers both ECF and ICF but is only
important ECF buffer
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Document Summary
Electrolyte balance, question on exam about the mechanisms influencing sodium, aldosterone plays the biggest role in regulation of sodium by kidneys, when aldosterone concentrations are high c. i. Sodium is actively reabsorbed in dct and water follow, so ecf volume increases: when aldosterone concentrations are low d. i. Sodium is not actively reabsorbed and is lost in urine, along with increased loss of urine: anp e. i. Why does heart care about bp and bv e. i. 1. e. i. 2. Tries to get out rid of sodium: cardiovascular baroreceptors on sodium f. i. Increases gfr: sex hormones control sodium levels, potassium h. i. Stimulates secretion of potassium to reabsorb sodium h. ii. Levels influence the resting membrane potential in neurons and muscle cells h. ii. 1. Disruption of potassium levels in the heart can interfere with its electrical conduction, leading to sudden death: calcium and phosphate i. i. Promotes increase in calcium and phosphate blood levels i. i. 2. i. i. 3.
