PSYC-1105EL Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Intellectual Disability, Tacit Knowledge, Cognitive Abilities Test
12 Jun 2018
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Chapter 9: Psych Semester 2: INTELLIGENCE
A. Definitions
Intelligence
- The ability to think abstractly and to learn readily from experience
- An individual's abilities to understand complex ideas, to adapt effectively to the
environment, to learn from experience, to engage in various forms of reasoning and to
overcome obstacles by careful thought
Mental Retardation
- Considerably below average intellectual functioning combined with varying degrees of
difficulty in meeting the demands of everyday life
Down's Syndrome
- A disorder caused by an extra chromosome (21) and characterized by a varying
degree of cognitive impairment ad physical disorders
B. Theories
Various views on intelligence
Unified
- A single characteristic or dimension along which people vary (spearman)
Multifaceted
- Many separate mental abilities, such as musical and spatial intelligence, that operate
more or less independently
Sternberg's Triarchic Theory
- Suggests that there are three distinct types of intelligence
1. Componential or analytical intelligence: involves the ability to think critically ad analytically
2. Experiential or creative intelligence: emphasizes insight and the ability to formulate new ideas
3. Contextual or practical intelligence: involves the ability to solve everyday problems through
tacit knowledge
PASS Theory
- Suggests that intelligence involves the three interdependent components of attention,
processing, and planning
C. Measuring intelligence
Intelligence Quotient
- Numerical value that reflects the extent to which an individual's score on an intelligence
test departs from the average for other people of the same age
Stanford-Binet Test
- First developed I 1905 to identify children who were mentally retarded
Wechsler Scales
- A scale for adults and another for children which tests verbal (information, digit span,
vocab, arithmetic, comprehension, similarities) and non-verbal (picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit symbol) components of intelligence
- Processing speed and intelligence are positively correlated
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Document Summary
Considerably below average intellectual functioning combined with varying degrees of. A disorder caused by an extra chromosome (21) and characterized by a varying. A single characteristic or dimension along which people vary (spearman) Many separate mental abilities, such as musical and spatial intelligence, that operate. The ability to think abstractly and to learn readily from experience. An individual"s abilities to understand complex ideas, to adapt effectively to the. Chapter 9: psych semester 2: intelligence: definitions. Intelligence environment, to learn from experience, to engage in various forms of reasoning and to overcome obstacles by careful thought. Mental retardation difficulty in meeting the demands of everyday life. Down"s syndrome degree of cognitive impairment ad physical disorders: theories. Pass theory processing, and planning: measuring intelligence. Intelligence quotient test departs from the average for other people of the same age. Wechsler scales vocab, arithmetic, comprehension, similarities) and non-verbal (picture completion, picture arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit symbol) components of intelligence.
