STAT-2066EL Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Level Of Measurement, Descriptive Statistics, Frequency Distribution

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Introduction & re-cap : descriptive statistics involves arranging, summarizing, and presenting a set of data in such a way that useful information is produced. Its methods make use of graphical techniques and numerical descriptive measures (such as averages) to summarize and present the data. Population & samples: the graphical & tabular methods presented here apply to both entire populations and samples drawn from populations. Types of data & information: data (at least for purposes of statistics) fall into three main groups: Interval data: real numbers, i. e. heights, weights, prices, etc, also referred to as quantitative or numerical, arithmetic operations can be performed on interval data thus its meaningful to talk about 2*height, or price+, and so on. Nominal data: the values of nominal data are categories, e. g. responses to questions about marital status, coded as: single = 1, married = 2, divorced = 3, widowed = 4: these data are categorical in nature; arithmetic operations don"t make any sense, e. g.

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