CHEM 181 Chapter : woc 23- the myth of detox.docx

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Detox advocates claim that our modern lifestyle floods the body with toxins. But our bodies are engaged in detoxification all the time. Bbc study: women from a rock concert chosen to go on a detox diet or a healthy diet. Creatine levels were measured in the urine to determine the health status of that organ. Blood was tested for vitamins c and e, indicative of antioxidant potential, as well as for aluminum, which is often targeted as a significant toxin by detox proponents: no significant differences were noted between the groups. People may feel better due to the elimination of caffeine and alcohol, less food consumed, and also near starvation can trigger a boost in energy and even feelings of euphoria. However it is not nutritionally sound to think that the body will forgive our dietary sins if we undergo a cleanse once in a while.

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Need summary for this article ican't undestand it please help me

Comparison of MALDI-TOF-MS andHPLC-ESI-MS/MS for

Endopeptidase Activity-BasedQuantification of Anthrax

Lethal Factor in Serum

ZsuzsannaKuklenyik,

â Anne E.Boyer,â RenatoLins,â ,Â§ConradP. Quinn,â¡MaribelGallegos-Candela,

AdrianWool

fitt,â JamesL. Pirkle,â andJohn R. Barr*,

â¡

Â§

ABSTRACT:

fication.Calibration curves were linear from 0.05-

Î¼L sample. Thecoefficient of variationfor quality control samples was 6-

p = 0.99(r2=0.997) and -0.25%mean relative difference((

hedevelopment of technologies with high diagnosticspecifi

fic diagnosis toensure timely treatment options and eff

ffers superiorspeed, specifi

Matrix-assistedlaser desorption/ionization (MALDI) timeof-

filteringprovide fl

exible

platforms that are ideal for targeted analysis of biologicaltoxins:

proteins and small molecules. ESI-MS/MS is typically coupled

online with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),

allowing for both preconcentration and analytical separation

from matrix interferences, providing enhanced analyticsensitivity

and selectivity. With the use of isotope dilution internal

standardization,

ight(TOF) MS and electrospray ionization (ESI) with

tandem quadrupole(MS/MS) mass

2,3

cation andpreconcentration.

Results are available in a few hours, compared to days forclassical

microbiology ortoxicology approaches.

city,and sensitivity

without extensivesample puri

ective

prophylaxis. Of the available diagnostic approaches forearly

detection of biological toxins, mass spectrometry (MS)-based

proteomicso

andrequire rapid, sensitive, and

speci

city

and sensitivity for bioterrorism select agents and toxins

is critical to public health preparedness. Biotoxins andbiotoxin

producing bacteria have the highest fatality rates among the

Category Abioterrorism agents

9%standard deviation). This study shows that isotope

dilution MALDI-TOF-MS is a robust and precise quantitative MSplatform.

12%for both MS platforms. Samples used

to perform cross-validation included 158 serum samples from astudy in rabbits exposed to anthrax spores by inhalation. Some

were treated with anthrax immune globulin before exposure.Concentrations measured by ESI-MS/MS matched those by MALDITOF-

MSwith

1.0ng/mL after 18 h incubation time. The limit of detection was 0.005ng/mL

usinga 200

2.5

ng/mLwhen measured after 2 h and from 0.005

ight(TOF)

mass spectrometry (MS). Many public health laboratories

do not use MALDI-TOF-MS; thus, we have adapted the LF

method for detection by electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem

MS(MS/MS), which allowed comparison of both MS platforms for LFquanti

cation ofLF

endoproteinase activity by isotope dilution matrix-assisted

laser-desorptionionization (MALDI) time-of-

Diagnosing andtreating anthrax at the earliest

stage of disease is critical. We developed a method todiagnose

anthrax at early stages of infection by detecting anthraxlethal

factor (LF) at the attomol/mL level in plasma or serum.

Thismethod uses antibody capture and quanti

Battelle AtlantaAnalytical Services, 2987 Clairmont Road NE, Suite 450 Atlanta,Georgia 30329, United States

National Center forImmunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Controland Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road Atlanta,

Georgia 30333, United States

National Center forEnvironmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,4770 Buford Hwy, NE Atlanta,Georgia 30341,

United States

I NEED HELP ANSWERING QUESTION 4 AND 5!!

Experimental Determination of pKa of buffers In this lab you. the student, will titrate several different buffer solutions in order to determine their pKa. Recall from class that (or from the water chemistry chapter of your textbook) that the pKa of a weak acid/base is equal to the pH of the solution when it population of molecules are 50% protonated/deprotonated. In this lab you will be given a butter solution (typically at low pH) and will titrate with 1 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) while measuring the pH during each stage of the process. You will then need to generate from your data a titration plot and then to extrapolate from there the pKa of the weak acid/base. General Procedure Tentative buffers to be tested: water (N = 1), 0.4 M Acetic Acid (N = 3), 0.4 M Glycine (N = 3), [N is the number if replicates] As in any lab put on your personal protective equipment (PPE): lab coal, safety glasses, and gloves Setup burette with 1 M KOH. Be careful not to spill. In a small beaker (100 mL or smaller) pour in 40 mL of buffer to be tested. Titrate until pH passes 12. Be consistent with your dispensing of KOH so your replicate trials line up appropriately. Tabulate and graph data (use formatting that is consistent with Lab 1 and include standard deviation in tables and graphs) Questions and concepts to address in the lab report Describe the buffering capacity of water based on your titration. How do they compare to Acetic Acid and Glycine? For Acetic Acid and Glycine Buffers: For titrations with N = 3. how can you account significant differences between data points? What were the pKas of your buffers based on your titration? How do they compare to those reported in the literature? How do you account for difference in values? Draw the three possible ionic forms of each buffer. Identify which of these predominates at pH 1, pH 6, and pH 11. What are the chemical equations that show how each buffers solutions at either pKa by consuming amounts of added hydrogen or hydroxide ions.

CHEM 181 Chapter : woc 23- the myth of detox.docx

CHEM 181 Full Course Notes

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