ECON 208 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Investment, Variable Cost, Limited Partnership

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16 Apr 2013

School

McGill University

Department

Economics (Arts)

Course

ECON 208

Professor

Mayssun El- Attar Vilalta

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ECON 208 Full Course Notes

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7. 1 what are firms? (basic unit of production) Although its ownership differs, the organization and legal status of a state-owned enterprise are similar to those of a corporation. In canada, these are called crown corporations: non-profit organizations: firms that provide goods and services with the objective of just covering their costs. They are established with the explicit objective of providing goods/services to customers by having any profits that are generated remain with the organization and not claimed by individuals. Some goods/services are sold to consumers while others are provided free of charge. They earn their revenues from a combo of sales and donations. These are often called ngos, for non-governmental organizations. Multinational enterprises (mnes): firms that have operations in more than one country; increasing in number and importance over time = ^role in globalization. A large amount of international trade represents business transactions of mnes between diff corporations, as well as between diff regional operations of the same corporation.

Related Questions

Match Column A with Column B

1) Partnership	a) a business owned by one person who is personally liable for all losses
2) Proprietorship	b) An artificial being created by a state
3) Limited partnership	c) two or more persons combine their efforts for a single transaction
4) Corporation	d) created when shareholders elect to be treates as partners for tax purposes
5) legal capacity	e) created by an agreement between two or more persons who agree to share profits and losses
6) buy-and-sell agreement	f) provides for compensation to a deceased or withdrawing owner of a business in return for that owners interest.
7) Subchapter S corporation	g) the ability of an organization to sue or to own property
8) joint venture	h) exists when some partners are treated like shareholders for liability purposes
9) limited liability company	i) tax doctine that allows income to be taxed at the owner level, not the organization level
10) "pass through"	j) owners recieve limited liability and tax treatment as if they were a partnership without filing as a corporation.

Question 1: Answer the following MC questions...

a).

Samuel F.B. Morse patented the (5 points)

A.	telegraph
B.	automobile
C.	audio recorder
D.	radio transmitter

b).

Your friend wants to open a clothing shop. A necessary capital resource is a (5 points)

	A. place to open the shop
	B. knowledgeable fashion manager
	C. license to conduct business
	D.highway billboard for advertising

c).

Jessica is a violinist who believes she can extend her method of learning music to early childhood education. She opens a preschool in her hometown, using her expertise to form an arts-based program. What factor of production is this? (5 points)

	A. Capital
	B. Entrepreneurship
	C. Labor
	D. Land

d).

Your friend hopes to expand her business to multiple locations. It would be best for her to create a (5 points)

	A. limited liability company
	B. sole proprietorship
	C. corporation
	D. partnership

e).

Root and Vine is a gardening collective and local delivery service started by two friends. Their clientele has grown, and they want to expand. The owners like the idea of protecting their personal property, but they want to maintain control of the business. Which type of organization might best suit their growth? (5 points)

	A. Sole proprietorship
	B. Partnership
	C. Limited liability company
	D. Corporation

f).

An oligopoly is a market for a good or service that (5 points)

	A. has few competitive firms
	B. is perfectly competitive
	C. has one buyer
	D. has one seller

g).

The greatest goal in advertising is to convince us (5 points)

	A. "wants" are unnecessary
	B. the firm has the best price
	C. a particular product is a "need"
	D. the product is the same as other firm's products

h).

"Don't be like John, who had no health insurance when he needed emergency surgery. We make health insurance easy and affordable." This advertisement targets your (5 points)

	A. fears
	B. rituals
	C. emotions
	D. social values

i).

Why do monopolies and oligarchies benefit producers over consumers? (5 points)

	A. Companies control price through demand.
	B. Competition is driven by factors other than price.
	C. Demand influences production more when competition is less.
	D. Few producers can generally control prices.

1) Assume that two firms (Firm A and Firm B) operate in the U.S. steel industry. The owner of Firm A writes the following letter to the owner of Firm B:

Dear Owner of Firm B,

I have concluded that if we both restrict output such that we each produce only 3 million tons of steel per year, we can both charge a price that will allow us to effectively monopolize the steel market and to maximize our joint profits. If you would like to enter into this agreement with me, please draft a contract that specifies this agreement and I will be more than willing to meet with you and sign it.

Sincerely,

Owner of Firm A

If this letter were sent in the year 1944, the:

a) Owners of both Firm A and Firm B would not be guilty of violating antitrust laws because antitrust laws in 1944 contained exceptions for certain nationally important industries like the steel industry.

b) Owners of both Firm A and Firm B would not be guilty of anything because there were no antitrust laws in existence in 1944.

c) Owner of Firm A would be guilty of violating antitrust laws only if she met with the owner of Firm B and signed the contract, but she would not be guilty if the attempt to monopolize the market failed because the owner of Firm B never responded to the letter.

d) Owner of Firm A would be guilty of violating antitrust laws because she merely attempted to monopolize the steel industry.

e) Owners of both Firm A and Firm B would not be guilty of violating antitrust laws because antitrust laws in 1944 applied only to industries made up of three or more firms.

2) Entry of new firms will continue in a monopolistically competitive industry until:

a) Marginal cost = 0 (zero).

b) Economic profit is negative.

c) Marginal revenue = marginal cost.

d) Economic profit equals zero.

e) Marginal Revenue = 0 (zero).

3) A monopolistically competitive firm usually charges less than a monopoly firm because:

a) It is part of a group of firms that have formally agreed to control the price and the output of a product.

b) Its primary goal is to reap monopoly profits by replacing competition with cooperation.

c) It has a monopoly, but potential entrants exist in the form of contestable markets.

d) It faces some degree of competition due to low barriers to entry.

e) Producing homogenous output is more expensive than producing differentiated output.

4) An example of price discrimination is when:

a) A single box of Froot Loops costs $3.50, but when purchased in a case of six, it costs only $3.00 per box.

b) You can purchase a new PC for half the price of a new Mac, even though they are both computers.

c) Procter & Gamble charges $9 for a bottle of Tide laundry detergent, while the store brand costs the consumer significantly less, despite being somewhat similar products.

d) Out-of-state students pay more for the same education as in-state students.

e)Movie theaters do not allow children into R-rated movies without a parent or guardian.

5) The Varsity, located in downtown Atlanta, is the world's largest drive-in restaurant. Located near the Georgia Tech campus, the drive-in attracts two distinct types of customers: college students and visitors to Atlanta. The owners are considering offering a student discount of $1 off their combo meal, which is regularly priced at $9. There are 5,000 students interested in purchasing a combo meal, with a maximum willingness to pay of $8. There are 5,000 visiting customers interested in purchasing the combo meal, with a maximum willingness to pay of $9. Assume that each customer, at most, will purchase a single meal and the marginal cost is $5. What will be the amount of total revenue for the Varsity if the owners offer a single price of $8 per combo meal?

a) $65,000

b) $85,000

c) $40,000

d) $80,000

e) $90,000

6) A competitive firm would have:

a) More elastic demand than a monopolistically competitive firm.

b) More inelastic demand than a monopolistically competitive firm.

c) A horizontal demand curve.

d) Bowed-in or bowed-out demand.

e) An upward-sloping demand curve.

7) It is unrealistic to regulate a natural monopoly at marginal cost pricing because:

a) The government is not allowed to regulate markets.

b) With this type of regulation, the firm will want to shut down, and that outcome is not desirable for society.

c) Firms do not need to follow regulations from the government.

d) Regulating a market causes more deadweight loss.

e) Marginal cost pricing ends up having the natural monopoly firm earn zero economic profits.

8) Price discrimination allows businesses to make additional profits and allows markets to work more:

a) Efficiently

b) Unfairly

c) Realistically

d) Equitably

e) Independently

9) Antitrust laws are designed to:

a) Increase prices.

b) Promote monopoly practices.

c) Promote awareness of government programs.

d) Promote competition.

e) Decrease output.

10) Barriers to entry:

a) Do not exist for monopolies.

b) Exist for perfectly competitive firms.

c) Restrict the entry of new firms into the market.

d) Always lead to profits.

e) Measure the ability of firms to set the price for a good.

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ECON 208 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Investment, Variable Cost, Limited Partnership

ECON 208 Full Course Notes

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