POLI 244 Chapter 12: POLI 244 - WP Text Ch. 12 Global Environment

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Examples of both where international cooperation has prevailed (montreal. Protocol, deemed by annan as perhaps the most successful international agreement ever), and where cooperation has failed (kyoto) Why has it been difficult to cooperate all the time: ignorance. However, this is largely not the case (americans seems once again to be the exception here. ) Recognizing challenges does not automatically translate into workable solutions: special interest groups. Certain groups stand to lose from environmental policies (corporations, exporters) Tans play a major role in increasing chance of cooperation by providing information and verifying compliance. Therefore, an individual is extremely incentivized normally to not cooperate; even though we prefer a cleaner environment, we will avoid changing our personal behaviour. Same logic of costs, reciprocation and free-ridership applies to countries. Externalities: costs (negative ex) or benefits (positive ex) for stakeholders other than the actor undertaking an action (therefore, decisionmaker does not bear all the costs or reap all the gains from her actions)

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