BIOLOGY 1M03 Chapter Notes - Chapter 26: Dusky Seaside Sparrow, Species Problem, Continental Drift

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15 May 2017
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If mutation, selection and genetic drift cause isolated populations to diverge sufficiently, distinct types or species form, a process called speciation. Speciation is a splitting event that creates two or more distinct species from a single ancestral group. When speciation is complete, a new branch has been added to the tree of life. In essence, speciation results from genetic isolation and genetic divergence. Isolation results from lack of gene flow and divergence occurs because selection, genetic drift and mutation proceed independently in the isolate populations. Species are distinct types of organisms and represent evolutionarily independent groups. Species are distinct from one another in appearance, behaviour, habitat use or other traits. These characteristics differ among species because their genetic characteristics differ. Genetic distinctions occur because mutation, selection and drift act on each species independently of what is happening in other populations. Allele f(cid:396)e(cid:395)ue(cid:374)(cid:272)ies i(cid:374) populatio(cid:374)s a(cid:374)d thus the populatio(cid:374)s" (cid:272)ha(cid:396)a(cid:272)te(cid:396)isti(cid:272)s, (cid:271)e(cid:272)o(cid:373)e more alike when gene flow occurs between them.

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